CNR ExploRA

Articolo in rivista, 2017, ENG, 10.1088/1741-4326/aa796e

Plasma-wall interaction studies within the EUROfusion consortium: Progress on plasma-facing components development and qualification

Brezinsek S.; Coenen J.W.; Schwarz-Selinger T.; Schmid K.; Kirschner A.; Hakola A.; Tabares F.L.; Van Der Meiden H.J.; Mayoral M.-L.; Reinhart M.; Tsitrone E.; Ahlgren T.; Aints M.; Airila M.; Almaviva S.; Alves E.; Angot T.; Anita V.; Arredondo Parra R.; Aumayr F.; Balden M.; Bauer J.; Ben Yaala M.; Berger B.M.; Bisson R.; Bjorkas C.; Bogdanovic Radovic I.; Borodin D.; Bucalossi J.; Butikova J.; Butoi B.; Cadez I.; Caniello R.; Caneve L.; Cartry G.; Catarino N.; Cekada M.; Ciraolo G.; Ciupinski L.; Colao F.; Corre Y.; Costin C.; Craciunescu T.; Cremona A.; De Angeli M.; De Castro A.; Dejarnac R.; Dellasega D.; Dinca P.; Dittmar T.; Dobrea C.; Hansen P.; Drenik A.; Eich T.; Elgeti S.; Falie D.; Fedorczak N.; Ferro Y.; Fornal T.; Fortuna-Zalesna E.; Gao L.; Gasior P.; Gherendi M.; Ghezzi F.; Gosar Z.; Greuner H.; Grigore E.; Grisolia C.; Groth M.; Gruca M.; Grzonka J.; Gunn J.P.; Hassouni K.; Heinola K.; Hoschen T.; Huber S.; Jacob W.; Jepu I.; Jiang X.; Jogi I.; Kaiser A.; Karhunen J.; Kelemen M.; Koppen M.; Koslowski H.R.; Kreter A.; Kubkowska M.; Laan M.; Laguardia L.; Lahtinen A.; Lasa A.; Lazic V.; Lemahieu N.; Likonen J.; Linke J.; Litnovsky A.; Linsmeier C.; Loewenhoff T.; Lungu C.; Lungu M.; Maddaluno G.; Maier H.; Makkonen T.; Manhard A.; Marandet Y.; Markelj S.; Marot L.; Martin C.; Martin-Rojo A.B.; Martynova Y.; Mateus R.; Matveev D.; Mayer M.; Meisl G.; Mellet N.; Michau A.; Miettunen J.; Moller S.; Morgan T.W.; Mougenot J.; Mozetic M.; Nemanic V.; Neu R.; Nordlund K.; Oberkofler M.; Oyarzabal E.; Panjan M.; Pardanaud C.; Paris P.; Passoni M.; Pegourie B.; Pelicon P.; Petersson P.; Piip K.; Pintsuk G.; Pompilian G.O.; Popa G.; Porosnicu C.; Primc G.; Probst M.; Raisanen J.; Rasinski M.; Ratynskaia S.; Reiser D.; Ricci D.; Richou M.; Riesch J.; Riva G.; Rosinski M.; Roubin P.; Rubel M.; Ruset C.; Safi E.; Sergienko G.; Siketic Z.; Sima A.; Spilker B.; Stadlmayr R.; Steudel I.; Strom P.; Tadic T.; Tafalla D.; Tale I.; Terentyev D.; Terra A.; Tiron V.; Tiseanu I.; Tolias P.; Tskhakaya D.; Uccello A.; Unterberg B.; Uytdenhoven I.; Vassallo E.; Vavpetic P.; Veis P.; Velicu I.L.; Vernimmen J.W.M.; Voitkans A.; Von Toussaint U.; Weckmann A.; Wirtz M.; Zaloznik A.; Zaplotnik R.

Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung - Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), Jülich, 52425, , Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching, D-85748, , Germany; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., PO Box 1000, FI-02044, , Finland; Association EURATOM-CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 22, Madrid, 28040, , Spain; DIFFER Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, Eindhoven, 5612 AJ, , Netherlands; CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX143DB, , United Kingdom; CEA, IRFM, Saint Paul Lez Durance, F-13108, , France; Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, PO Box 14100, Aalto, FI-00076, , Finland; Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, PIIM, Marseille, F13013, , , , France; Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, PIIM, Marseille, F13013, , , , France; Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, PIIM, Marseille, F13013, , , , France; Department of Applied Physics UG, Ghent University, St-Pietersnieuwstraat 4, Ghent, 1 B-9000, , Belgium; Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, , Italy; Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, , Switzerland; Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, Warsaw, 02-507, , Poland; Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Department of Experimental Physics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina F2, Bratislava, 84248, , Slovakia; Faculty of Physics, 'Al. I. Cuza' University, Iasi, 700506, , Romania; Fusion Plasma Physics, EES, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-10044, , Sweden; Institute of Plasma Physics 'P.caldirola', National Research Council of Italy, via R. Cozzi 53, Milan, 20125, , Italy; Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, Wien, 1040, , Austria; Institut für Ionen- und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, 6020, , , Austria; Institut für Ionen- und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, 6020, , , Austria; Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi street 1, Tartu, 50411, , , Estonia; Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi street 1, Tartu, 50411, , , Estonia; Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, Warsaw, 01-497, , Poland; Institute of Plasma Physics, CAS, Za Slovankou 1782/3, Praha 8, 182 00, , , Czech Republic; Institute of Plasma Physics, CAS, Za Slovankou 1782/3, Praha 8, 182 00, , , Czech Republic; Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga 8, Riga, LV-1063, , , Latvia; Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga 8, Riga, LV-1063, , , Latvia; Instituto de Plasmas e Fusaó Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, , , Portugal; Instituto de Plasmas e Fusaó Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, , , Portugal; Jo?ef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, , Slovenia; Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (LSPM), CNRS, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Villetaneuse, F-93430, , France; National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, Magurele, 077125, , Romania; Rudjer Bo?kovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, Zagreb, HR-10000, , Croatia; SCK CEN, Nuclear Materials Science Institute, Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, , Belgium; Department of Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security, ENEA C. R. Frascati, via E. Fermi 45, Frascati (Roma), 00044, , Italy; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014, , Finland; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung - IEK-2, Jülich, 52425, , Germany; Jo?ef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, 1000, , Slovenia

The provision of a particle and power exhaust solution which is compatible with first-wall components and edge-plasma conditions is a key area of present-day fusion research and mandatory for a successful operation of ITER and DEMO. The work package plasma-facing components (WP PFC) within the European fusion programme complements with laboratory experiments, i.e. in linear plasma devices, electron and ion beam loading facilities, the studies performed in toroidally confined magnetic devices, such as JET, ASDEX Upgrade, WEST etc. The connection of both groups is done via common physics and engineering studies, including the qualification and specification of plasma-facing components, and by modelling codes that simulate edge-plasma conditions and the plasma-material interaction as well as the study of fundamental processes. WP PFC addresses these critical points in order to ensure reliable and efficient use of conventional, solid PFCs in ITER (Be and W) and DEMO (W and steel) with respect to heat-load capabilities (transient and steady-state heat and particle loads), lifetime estimates (erosion, material mixing and surface morphology), and safety aspects (fuel retention, fuel removal, material migration and dust formation) particularly for quasi-steady-state conditions. Alternative scenarios and concepts (liquid Sn or Li as PFCs) for DEMO are developed and tested in the event that the conventional solution turns out to not be functional. Here, we present an overview of the activities with an emphasis on a few key results: (i) the observed synergistic effects in particle and heat loading of ITER-grade W with the available set of exposition devices on material properties such as roughness, ductility and microstructure; (ii) the progress in understanding of fuel retention, diffusion and outgassing in different W-based materials, including the impact of damage and impurities like N; and (iii), the preferential sputtering of Fe in EUROFER steel providing an in situ W surface and a potential first-wall solution for DEMO.

Nuclear fusion (Online) 57 (11)