CNR ExploRA

Articolo in rivista, 2019, ENG, 10.1088/1741-4326/ab25cb

Physics research on the TCV tokamak facility: from conventional to alternative scenarios and beyond

Coda, S.; Agostini, M.; Albanese, R.; Alberti, S.; Alessi, E.; Allan, S.; Allcock, J.; Ambrosino, R.; Anand, H.; Andrebe, Y.; Arnichand, H.; Auriemma, F.; Ayllon-Guerola, J. M.; Bagnato, F.; Ball, J.; Baquero-Ruiz, M.; Beletskii, A. A.; Bernert, M.; Bin, W.; Blanchard, P.; Blanken, T. C.; Boedo, J. A.; Bogar, O.; Bolzonella, T.; Bombarda, F.; Bonanomi, N.; Bouquey, F.; Bowman, C.; Brida, D.; Bucalossi, J.; Buermans, J.; Bufferand, H.; Buratti, P.; Calabro, G.; Calacci, L.; Camenen, Y.; Carnevale, D.; Carpanese, F.; Carr, M.; Carraro, L.; Casolari, A.; Causa, F.; Cerovsky, J.; Chellai, O.; Chmielewski, P.; Choi, D.; Christen, N.; Ciraolo, G.; Cordaro, L.; Costea, S.; Cruz, N.; Czarnecka, A.; Dal Molin, A.; David, P.; Decker, J.; De Oliveira, H.; Douai, D.; Dreval, M. B.; Dudson, B.; Dunne, M.; Duval, B. P.; Eich, T.; Elmore, S.; Embreus, O.; Esposito, B.; Faitsch, M.; Farnik, M.; Fasoli, A.; Fedorczak, N.; Felici, F.; Feng, S.; Feng, X.; Ferro, G.; Fevrier, O.; Ficker, O.; Fil, A.; Fontana, M.; Frassinetti, L.; Furno, I; Gahle, D. S.; Galassi, D.; Galazka, K.; Gallo, A.; Galperti, C.; Garavaglia, S.; Garcia, J.; Garcia-Munoz, M.; Garrido, A. J.; Garrido, I; Gath, J.; Geiger, B.; Giruzzi, G.; Gobbin, M.; Goodman, T. P.; Gorini, G.; Gospodarczyk, M.; Granucci, G.; Graves, J. P.; Gruca, M.; Gyergyek, T.; Hakola, A.; Happel, T.; Harrer, G. F.; Harrison, J.; Havlickova, E.; Hawke, J.; Henderson, S.; Hennequin, P.; Hesslow, L.; Hogeweij, D.; Hogge, J-Ph; Hopf, C.; Hoppe, M.; Horacek, J.; Huang, Z.; Hubbard, A.; Iantchenko, A.; Igochine, V; Innocente, P.; Schrittwieser, C. Ionita; Isliker, H.; Jacquier, R.; Jardin, A.; Kappatou, A.; Karpushov, A.; Kazantzidis, P-, V; Keeling, D.; Kirneva, N.; Komm, M.; Kong, M.; Kovacic, J.; Krawczyk, N.; Kudlacek, O.; Kurki-Suonio, T.; Kwiatkowski, R.; Labit, B.; Lazzaro, E.; Linehan, B.; Lipschultz, B.; Llobet, X.; Lombroni, R.; Loschiavo, V. P.; Lunt, T.; Macusova, E.; Madsen, J.; Maljaars, E.; Mantica, P.; Maraschek, M.; Marchetto, C.; Marco, A.; Mariani, A.; Marini, C.; Martin, Y.; Matos, F.; Maurizio, R.; Mavkov, B.; Mazon, D.; McCarthy, P.; McDermott, R.; Menkovski, V; Merle, A.; Meyer, H.; Micheletti, D.; Militello, F.; Mitosinkova, K.; Mlyn, J.; Moiseenko, V; Cabrera, P. A. Molina; Morales, J.; Moret, J-M; Moro, A.; Mumgaard, R. T.; Naulin, V; Nem, R. D.; Nespoli, F.; Nielsen, A. H.; Nielsen, S. K.; Nocente, M.; Nowak, S.; Offeddu, N.; Orsitto, F. P.; Paccagnella, R.; Palha, A.; Papp, G.; Pau, A.; Pavlichenko, R. O.; Perek, A.; Ridolfini, V. Pericoli; Pesamosca, F.; Piergotti, V; Pigatto, L.; Piovesan, P.; Piron, C.; Plyusnin, V; Poli, E.; Porte, L.; Pucella, G.; Puiatti, M. E.; Puetterich, T.; Rabinski, M.; Rasmussen, J. Juul; Ravensbergen, T.; Reich, M.; Reimerdes, H.; Reimold, F.; Reux, C.; Ricci, D.; Ricci, P.; Rispoli, N.; Rosato, J.; Saarelma, S.; Salewski, M.; Salmi, A.; Sauter, O.; Scheffer, M.; Schlatter, Ch; Schneider, B. S.; Schrittwieser, R.; Sharapov, S.; Sheeba, R. R.; Sheikh, U.; Shousha, R.; Silva, M.; Sinha, J.; Sozzi, C.; Spolaore, M.; Stipani, L.; Strand, P.; Tala, T.; Biwole, A. S. Tema; Teplukhina, A. A.; Testa, D.; Theiler, C.; Thornton, A.; Tomaz, G.; Tomes, M.; Tran, M. Q.; Tsironis, C.; Tsui, C. K.; Urban, J.; Valisa, M.; Vallar, M.; Van Vugt, D.; Vartanian, S.; Vasilovici, O.; Verhaegh, K.; Vermare, L.; Vianello, N.; Viezzer, E.; Vijvers, W. A. J.; Villone, F.; Voitsekhovitch, I; Vu, N. M. T.; Walkden, N.; Wauters, T.; Weiland, M.; Weisen, H.; Wensing, M.; Wiesenberger, M.; Wilkie, G.; Wischmeier, M.; Wu, K.; Yoshida, M.; Zagorski, R.; Zanca, P.; Zebrowski, J.; Zisis, A.; Zuin, M.

Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Swiss Plasma Ctr, Lausanne, Switzerland; Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Padova, Italy; CNR ISTP - Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, Sede di Padova, Italy; Univ Napoli Federico II, Consorzio CREATE, Naples, Italy; CNR ISTP, Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, Milano, Italy; Ex IFP CNR, Milan, Italy; Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham, England; Univ Napoli Parthenope, Consorzio CREATE, Naples, Italy; ITER Org, St Paul Les Durance, France; Univ Seville, CNA, Junta Andalucia, CSIC, Seville, Spain; Univ Seville, Dept Mech Engn & Mfg, Seville, Spain; Natl Sci Ctr, Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, Inst Plasma Phys, Kharkov, Ukraine; Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Garching, Germany; Eindhoven Univ Technol, Eindhoven, Netherlands; Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA; Inst Plasma Phys AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic; ENEA CR Frascati, Unita Tecn Fus, Rome, Italy; Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Phys G Occhialini, Milan, Italy; CEA, IRFM, St Paul Les Durance, France; Univ York, York Plasma Inst, Dept Phys, York, Yorkshire, England; Ecole Royale Mil, Koninklijke Mil Sch, Lab Plasma, Brussels, Belgium; Univ Tuscia, Dept Econ Engn Soc & Business Org DEIm, Viterbo, Italy; Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Aix Marseille Univ, PIIM, CNRS, Marseille, France; Culham Sci Ctr, CCFE, Abingdon, Oxon, England; Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfus, Warsaw, Poland; Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford, England; Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ionen & Angew Phys, Innsbruck, Austria; Univ Lisbon, Inst Plasmas & Fusao Nucl, Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon, Portugal; Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Phys, Gothenburg, Sweden; KTH, EES, Fus Plasma Phys, Stockholm, Sweden; Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys SUPA, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland; Univ Seville, Dept Atom Mol & Nucl Phys, Seville, Spain; Univ Basque Country, UPV EHU, Fac Engn, Bilbao, Spain; Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, Lyngby, Denmark; Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Teilinst Greifswald, Germany; Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia; VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland; TU Wien, Inst Appl Phys, Fus OAW, Vienna, Austria; Ecole Polytech, Lab Phys Plasmas, CNRS, UMR7648, Palaiseau, France; DIFFER Dutch Inst Fundamental Energy Res, FOM Inst, HH Eindhoven, Netherlands; MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA; Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Greece; Polish Acad Sci IFJ PAN, Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland; Natl Tech Univ Athens, Athens, Greece; Natl Res Ctr, Inst Phys Tokamaks, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia; Natl Res Nucl Univ MEPhI, Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia; Aalto Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Aalto, Finland; Natl Ctr Nucl Res NCBJ, Otwock, Poland; IDOM, Adv Design & Anal Dept, Bilbao, Spain; Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA; Univ Melbourne, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Melbourne, Australia; Univ Coll Cork, Dept Phys, Cork, Ireland; Univ Cagliari, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Cagliari, Italy; Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch Plasmaphys, Julich, Germany; Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ USA; Natl Inst Quantum & Radiol Sci & Technol, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan; Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Athens, Greece.

The research program of the TCV tokamak ranges from conventional to advanced-tokamak scenarios and alternative divertor configurations, to exploratory plasmas driven by theoretical insight, exploiting the device's unique shaping capabilities. Disruption avoidance by real-time locked mode prevention or unlocking with electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) was thoroughly documented, using magnetic and radiation triggers. Runaway generation with high-Z noble-gas injection and runaway dissipation by subsequent Ne or Ar injection were studied for model validation. The new 1 MW neutral beam injector has expanded the parameter range, now encompassing ELMy H-modes in an ITER-like shape and nearly noninductive II-mode discharges sustained by electron cyclotron and neutral beam current drive. In the H-mode, the pedestal pressure increases modestly with nitrogen seeding while fueling moves the density pedestal outwards, but the plasma stored energy is largely uncorrelated to either seeding or fueling. High fueling at high triangularity is key to accessing the attractive small edge-localized mode (type-II) regime. Turbulence is reduced in the core at negative triangularity, consistent with increased confinement and in accord with global gyrokinetic simulations. The geodesic acoustic mode, possibly coupled with avalanche events, has been linked with particle flow to the wall in diverted plasmas. Detachment, scrape-off layer transport, and turbulence were studied in L- and H-modes in both standard and alternative configurations (snowflake, super-X, and beyond). The detachment process is caused by power `starvation' reducing the ionization source, with volume recombination playing only a minor role. Partial detachment in the H-mode is obtained with impurity seeding and has shown little dependence on flux expansion in standard single-null geometry. In the attached 1,-mode phase, increasing the outer connection length reduces the in-out heat-flow asymmetry. A doublet plasma, featuring an internal X-point, was achieved successfully, and a transport barrier was observed in the mantle just outside the internal separatrix. In the near future variableconfiguration baffles and possibly divertor ptunping will be introduced to investigate the effect of divertor closure on exhaust and performance, and 3.5 MW ECR and 1 MW neutral beam injection heating will be added.

Nuclear fusion 59 (11), pp. 112023-1–112023-17