Articolo in rivista, 2011, ENG, 10.2165/11593920

Morphological and metabolic components of lipodystrophy in various nevirapine-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens: A cross-sectional, observational study

Guaraldi, Giovanni; Zona, Stefano; Orlando, Gabriella; Carli, Federica; Stentarelli, Chiara; Luzi, Kety; Garlassi, Elisa; Menozzi, Marianna; Bagni, Pietro; Adorni, Fulvio

ITB-CNRConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia

Background: Morphological abnormalities (lipoatrophy and central fat accumulation) and metabolic changes (dyslipidaemia and glucose regulation impairment) have emerged as components of lipodystrophy and as major tolerability issues with long-term use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-positive patients. Protease inhibitors (PIs) are recognized as having the greatest impact in terms of metabolic complications, followed by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, while the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have the least impact. In particular, regimens based on the NNRTI nevirapine have been shown to achieve significant metabolic benefits and may help to improve dyslipidaemia. Improvements in body shape changes associated with lipodystrophy have also been reported when nevirapine replaced a PI in long-term triple therapy. Objective: The objective of this cross-sectional observational (real-world) study was to investigate the effect of three HAART regimens plus stable nevirapine therapy on morphological and metabolic components of lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients. Methods: Consecutive patients (aged >18 years) with serologically documented HIV infection, who had received HAART for at least 2 years and who had been diagnosed with lipodystrophy, were followed up as outpatients at the metabolic clinic of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. Patients received stable nevirapine therapy plus fixed-dose combinations of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine (Truvada-; TVD), zidovudine plus lamivudine (3TC) [Combivir-; CBV], or abacavir plus lamivudine (Kivexa-; KVX). Multivariate regression analyses were performed to analyse predictors of four components of lipodystrophy: lipoatrophy using leg fat mass measured by dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), fat accumulation using waist circumference, dyslipidaemia using apolipoprotein (Apo)B/ApoA1 ratio, and glucose intolerance using the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: Overall, 101 patients were enrolled (TVDgroup = 61, CBV group = 20, KVX group = 20); 191 observations were analysed. Male sex was associated with reduced leg fat mass, while age and body mass index (BMI) were associated with increased leg fat mass (all p < 0.05). Leg fat mass and male sex were associated with increased waist circumference (p < 0.001 for both). Leg fat mass predicted reduced ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, while age and BMI predicted increased ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (all p < 0.05). BMI predicted HOMA-IR increase (p = 0.0017). No differences in lipoatrophy, central fat accumulation, dyslipidaemia or glucose metabolism were observed among any of the three different nevirapine plus nucleoside backbone groups (TVD, CBV or KVX). Conclusion: HAART including nevirapine has a limited impact on components of lipodystrophy in patients with HIV infection. Further studies are needed to verify if nevirapine overcomes the expected distinct lipodystrophy risk profile associated with different nucleoside backbone therapies. © 2011 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved.

Clinical drug investigation 31 (11), pp. 759–767

Keywords

Acquired-immunodeficiency-syndrome, Antiretrovirals, Emtricitabinetenofovir- disoproxil-fumarate, Lamivudineabacavir, lamivudinezidovudine, Lipodystrophy, Nevirapine, Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors nscriptase-inhibitors

CNR authors

Adorni Fulvio Daniele

CNR institutes

ITB – Istituto di tecnologie biomediche

ID: 407669

Year: 2011

Type: Articolo in rivista

Creation: 2019-10-10 16:11:13.000

Last update: 2021-04-29 20:53:04.000

External IDs

CNR OAI-PMH: oai:it.cnr:prodotti:407669

DOI: 10.2165/11593920

Scopus: 2-s2.0-80053534316

ISI Web of Science (WOS): 000297185900002