Foreword of IFP Director In 2007 the role of IFP has strengthened through an increased committment both in international activities and in the national initiatives coordinated by the Dipartimento Energia e Trasporti of CNR. On the international front, since the start of the organization for the construction of ITER at Cadarache (France), the Euratom Research Units, such as IFP, have increasingly focused their efforts on the seven missions of research and development identified by EFDA (European Fusion Development Agency) as the mainframe of a long-term strategic plan aimed at affording in an integrated way the many problems of physics and technology rised by ITER. IFP is particularly well placed in the research fields comprised in missions 1 (Burning Plasma) and 2 (Reliable Tokamak Operation) especially as regards the application of high-power millimeter waves and the related advanced technologies to fusion-relevant plasmas with the aim of controlling their MHD stability. IFP can also contribute to some of the objectives of mission 3 (First Wall Materials) and is already contributing to some of the objectives of mission 5 (Predicting Fusion Performance) through both experimental and theoretical work of data anaysis and of development and validation of models for heat transport and turbulence based on first principles. This varied activity is carried out in different 'operation theaters': in Milano, where extended instrumentation is available for the development and testing of millimeterwave components and for experiments of plasma-materials technologies; on the FTU tokamak in operation at ENEA (Frascati), where IFP has a relevant role of scientific and technical management; at JET, the most important tokamak experiment active in the European Union, where IFP personnel contributes to programs for the development of diagnostics; and on ASDEX-U, the tokamak in operation at IPP Max Planck at Garching (Germany). Significant is also the activity of theoretical modeling carried on at home under a number of active contracts, for an amount of about 400.000 euro reimbursed at 20%, finalized to the design of the systems for the injection of high-power millimeter waves at the electron cyclotron frequency in ITER. The formation of young scientists in plasma physics is also continuing both through courses held by IFP staff at the Università Bicocca and at Politecnico of Milan and through fellowships and grants on Euratom funds. In 2007 IFP has also contributed to the organization of international scientific symposia. Among the several activities described in this Activity Report I wish to highlight some I consider especially representative of the characteristics of the Institute and of how we intend its mission. Concerning the Euratom activities I like to stress the strong commitment of IFP in initiatives under active ITER contracts, as TW6 ECHUL A-B. An extensive predictive analysis of the potential of the two systems considered of interest for the injection of high-power millimeter waves in ITER has led to a considerable number of proposals of design improvements, some of which have been already officially accepted. The work, carried out since 2006 in the frame of a collaboration with CFN-IST (Portugal), CIEMAT (Spain) and CEA (France), on the optimization of the antennas and the waveguides of the position reflectometer for ITER has also positively progressed. In 2007 the now traditional theoretical activity of IFP has been particularly focused on the support of the main experiments under way in the European Union. Very significant is in this respect the work done, both by IFP staff in mobility at JET and by staff at home, on the issues of heat and momentum transport in tokamaks, from which an exhaustive description of these phenomena in rotating plasma scenarios has followed. We also continued to give full support, in our sector of competences, to the preparation of the Phase 1 presentation of the ENEA project for a new tokamak named FAST (Fusion Advanced Studies Tokamak) aimed at filling the existing gap in the space of adimensional parameters relevant for fusion between present-day experiments and ITER. Another characteristics of IFP I like to mention is its involvement, in addition to the fusion-oriented research, in the development of plasma technologies applied to materials science and to problems of industrial interest. So, for instance, in the frame of the Hydrogen Project, and in collaboration with the IENI Institute of CNR, significant progress has been made in the study of the processes of plasma pyrolisis of hydrocarbides finalized to avoiding the production of CO2. Of special interest is also the installation, made possibile by a careful management of the resources and the help of international partners, of a new linear plasma device called GyM that will be dedicated both to researches of interest for fusion, with experiments based on principles of physical similarity, and to researches of technological interest, as the generation of multicharged ions for ion implantation processes. In conclusion, I believe that it is definitely appropriate to say that, starting from the core of its long-dated competence in the physics of wave-plasma interactions, IFP today contribuites very significatively to the maintenance and the development of the competences in plasma physics and thermonuclear fusion in Italy. This is further confirmed by the thick network of cultural and operative relations we since long maintain with prestigious scientific institutions as the Università degli Studi di Milano, the Università di Milano-Bicocca, the Politecnico di Milano, the universities of Padova, Pisa, Torino e Napoli-Federico II, the CFN-IST of Lisbon, the Ecole Polytechnique Federale of Lausanne, the Chalmers University of Technology of Goeteborg, the Uppsala University, the IAP of the Russian Accademy of Sciences, and the IPP Max Planck of Garching bei Muenchen. It is therefore highly desirable that the activity of IFP within the national and the European initiatives mentioned above may not only continue but also further grow in an organizative frame such as to allow its better and better define its objectives and priorities, including the long-term ones, and to make possibile an objective appraisal of the results achieved and a full ackowledgement of the value added by the human resources involved, as it should be. The IFP Director, Euratom HRU Enzo Lazzaro
Prefazione del Direttore IFP Nel corso del 2007 il ruolo dell'IFP si e' rafforzato sia attraverso l'assunzione di piu' consistenti impegni in attivita' internazionali che attraverso le nuove iniziative nazionali coordinate dal Dipartimento Energia e Trasporti del CNR. In ambito internazionale, a partire dall'avvio dell'organizzazione per la costruzione di ITER (International Tokamak Experimental Reactor) a Cadarache (Francia), il ruolo delle Unita' di Ricerca Euratom, come IFP, e' stato sempre piu' finalizzato a contribuire alle sette missioni di ricerca e sviluppo identificate dall'EFDA (European Fusion Development Agency) come l'intelaiatura di un piano strategico a lungo termine inteso ad affrontare in modo integrato i molteplici problemi di fisica e di tecnologia posti da ITER. L'IFP e' particolarmente ben inserito negli argomenti di ricerca contemplati nelle missioni 1 (Burning Plasma) e 2 (Reliable Tokamak Operation), in particolare per le applicazioni di onde millimetriche di potenza e delle relative tecnologie avanzate ai plasmi da fusione per il controllo della stabilita' MHD. E' anche in grado di contribuire ad alcuni degli obiettivi della missione 3 (First Wall Materials) e sta gia' contribuendo ad obiettivi della missione 5 (Predicting Fusion Performance) attraverso un lavoro, sia sperimentale che teorico, di analisi dati e di sviluppo e validazione di modelli teorici di trasporto di calore e turbolenza basati su principi primi. Queste molteplici attivita' si realizzano concretamente nei diversi 'teatri di operazione': nella sede di Milano, dove e' disponibile una vasta strumentazione per lo sviluppo e il collaudo di componenti per onde millimetriche e per esperimenti di tecnologia plasma-materiali; presso il tokamak FTU in funzione nella sede ENEA di Frascati, dove IFP ha un rilevante ruolo di gestione scientifico-tecnica; presso JET, il piu' importante esperimento tokamak attualmente in corso nell'Unione Europea, dove personale IFP partecipa a importanti programmi di sviluppo di diagnostiche; e presso ASDEX-U dell'Istituto Max Planck di Monaco di Baviera. Rilevante e' anche l'attivita' modellistica-teorica svolta in sede nel quadro di contratti attivi, per un valore di circa 400.000 euro rimborsati al 20%, finalizzati alla progettazione del sistema di lancio di onde millimetriche di potenza per ITER. E' proseguita inoltre l'attivita' di formazione di giovani ricercatori nel campo della fisica del plasma e della fusione termonucleare sia mediante corsi svolti presso l'Universita' e il Politecnico di Milano che con il conferimento di assegni di ricerca su fondi Euratom. Nel 2007 l'IFP ha anche contribuito all'organizzazione di convegni scientifici di rilevanza internazionale. Tra le molteplici attivita' descritte in questo Rapporto di Attivita' desidero citarne alcune che considero particolarmente rappresentative della fisionomia dell'Istituto e di come intendiamo la sua missione 3 Per quanto riguarda le attivita' in ambito Euratom sottolineo il considerevole impegno dedicato ad iniziative relative al progetto ITER e coperte da contratti EFDA attivi, come TW6 ECHUL A-B. Un'estesa analisi predittiva e comparativa delle potenzialita' dei due sistemi alternativi di lancio di onde ciclotroniche elettroniche di interesse per ITER e' sfociata nella proposizione di diverse modifiche migliorative, alcune delle quali gia' ufficialmente accettate. E' proseguito anche il lavoro, avviato gia' nel 2006 e svolto nell'ambito di una collaborazione internazionale cui prendono parte anche IST (Portogallo) e CEA (Francia), di ottimizzazione delle prestazioni elettromagnetiche delle antenne e delle guide d'onda per la riflettometria di posizione di ITER. IFP Activity Report 2007 Nel 2007 l'ormai tradizionale attivita' teorica dell'IFP e' stata particolarmente focalizzata sul sostegno dei grandi esperimenti in corso nell'Unione Europea. Particolarmente rappresentative in questo senso sono le ricerche, condotte sia da ricercatori IFP in mobilità presso JET che da ricercatori operanti in sede, sui temi del trasporto di energia e momento nei tokamak, dalle quali e' scaturito un quadro alquanto completo di questi fenomeni relativamente agli scenari con plasmi in rotazione. Abbiamo anche continuato a dare il nostro pieno sostegno, sia di studi che di competenze, alla preparazione della Fase 1 di presentazione della proposta avanzata da ENEA nell'ambito dei Progetti Prioritari Europei di realizzare in Italia un nuovo tokamak denominato FAST (Fusion Advanced Studies Tokamak), finalizzato a colmare l'intervallo nello spazio dei parametri adimensionali rilevanti per la fusione tuttora scoperto tra gli esperimenti attuali e ITER Un'altra particolarita' dell'IFP che desidero menzionare e' lo sviluppo, accanto a quelle piu' propriamente fusionistiche, di attivita' finalizzate all'applicazione delle tecnologie al plasma alla scienza dei materiali e a problematiche di interesse industriale. Cosi', ad esempio, nell'ambito del Progetto Idrogeno, e in collaborazione con l'istituto IENI del CNR, e' proseguito lo studio dei processi di pirolisi di idrocarburi in ambiente di plasma aventi lo scopo di evitare la produzione di CO2. Di particolare interesse e' anche l'installazione, resa possibile da un'attenta gestione delle risorse interne e dal recupero di nuove risorse anche attraverso collaborazioni internazionali, nel corso dell'anno 2007 di una nuova macchina lineare denominata GyM, che verra' dedicata a ricerche sia di interesse fusionistico, con esperimenti basati su principi di similarita' fisica, che di tipo applicativo, come la generazione di ioni multicarica per processi di impiantazione ionica. In conclusione, credo di poter senz'altro affermare che, a partire dal nocciolo duro costituito dalla sua ormai pluridecennale tradizione di studio delle interazioni ondeplasma, e ovviamente entro i limiti imposti dal potenziale disponibile di forze e mezzi, l'IFP oggi contribuisce significativamente allo sviluppo delle competenze nei campi della fusione termonucleare e della fisica del plasma in Italia. Ne da' conferma anche la fitta rete di rapporti, sia culturali che operativi, che da tempo intratteniamo con istituzioni scientifiche di prestigio come l'Università degli Studi di Milano, l'Università di Milano-Bicocca, il Politecnico di Milano, le universita' di Padova, Pisa, Torino e Napoli-Federico II, l'IST-CFN di Lisbona, il CIEMAT di Madrid, l'Ecole Polytechnique Federale di Losanna, la Chalmers University of Technology di Goeteborg, l'Università di Uppsala, l'IAP dell'Accademia delle Scienze Russa di Nyzhny Novgorod, e l'IPP Max Planck di Monaco di Baviera. E' percio' auspicabile che l'attivita' dell'IFP nell'ambito delle iniziative nazionali ed europee sopra citate possa non solo proseguire ma anche rafforzarsi in un quadro organizzativo tale da permettere di definire sempre meglio obiettivi e priorita', incluse quelle a lunga scadenza, di rendere sempre meglio verificabili i risultati conseguiti, e di valorizzare al massimo grado le risorse umane disponibili, come e' giusto che sia. Il Direttore IFP Enzo Lazzaro
Activity Report 2007
2008
Abstract
Foreword of IFP Director In 2007 the role of IFP has strengthened through an increased committment both in international activities and in the national initiatives coordinated by the Dipartimento Energia e Trasporti of CNR. On the international front, since the start of the organization for the construction of ITER at Cadarache (France), the Euratom Research Units, such as IFP, have increasingly focused their efforts on the seven missions of research and development identified by EFDA (European Fusion Development Agency) as the mainframe of a long-term strategic plan aimed at affording in an integrated way the many problems of physics and technology rised by ITER. IFP is particularly well placed in the research fields comprised in missions 1 (Burning Plasma) and 2 (Reliable Tokamak Operation) especially as regards the application of high-power millimeter waves and the related advanced technologies to fusion-relevant plasmas with the aim of controlling their MHD stability. IFP can also contribute to some of the objectives of mission 3 (First Wall Materials) and is already contributing to some of the objectives of mission 5 (Predicting Fusion Performance) through both experimental and theoretical work of data anaysis and of development and validation of models for heat transport and turbulence based on first principles. This varied activity is carried out in different 'operation theaters': in Milano, where extended instrumentation is available for the development and testing of millimeterwave components and for experiments of plasma-materials technologies; on the FTU tokamak in operation at ENEA (Frascati), where IFP has a relevant role of scientific and technical management; at JET, the most important tokamak experiment active in the European Union, where IFP personnel contributes to programs for the development of diagnostics; and on ASDEX-U, the tokamak in operation at IPP Max Planck at Garching (Germany). Significant is also the activity of theoretical modeling carried on at home under a number of active contracts, for an amount of about 400.000 euro reimbursed at 20%, finalized to the design of the systems for the injection of high-power millimeter waves at the electron cyclotron frequency in ITER. The formation of young scientists in plasma physics is also continuing both through courses held by IFP staff at the Università Bicocca and at Politecnico of Milan and through fellowships and grants on Euratom funds. In 2007 IFP has also contributed to the organization of international scientific symposia. Among the several activities described in this Activity Report I wish to highlight some I consider especially representative of the characteristics of the Institute and of how we intend its mission. Concerning the Euratom activities I like to stress the strong commitment of IFP in initiatives under active ITER contracts, as TW6 ECHUL A-B. An extensive predictive analysis of the potential of the two systems considered of interest for the injection of high-power millimeter waves in ITER has led to a considerable number of proposals of design improvements, some of which have been already officially accepted. The work, carried out since 2006 in the frame of a collaboration with CFN-IST (Portugal), CIEMAT (Spain) and CEA (France), on the optimization of the antennas and the waveguides of the position reflectometer for ITER has also positively progressed. In 2007 the now traditional theoretical activity of IFP has been particularly focused on the support of the main experiments under way in the European Union. Very significant is in this respect the work done, both by IFP staff in mobility at JET and by staff at home, on the issues of heat and momentum transport in tokamaks, from which an exhaustive description of these phenomena in rotating plasma scenarios has followed. We also continued to give full support, in our sector of competences, to the preparation of the Phase 1 presentation of the ENEA project for a new tokamak named FAST (Fusion Advanced Studies Tokamak) aimed at filling the existing gap in the space of adimensional parameters relevant for fusion between present-day experiments and ITER. Another characteristics of IFP I like to mention is its involvement, in addition to the fusion-oriented research, in the development of plasma technologies applied to materials science and to problems of industrial interest. So, for instance, in the frame of the Hydrogen Project, and in collaboration with the IENI Institute of CNR, significant progress has been made in the study of the processes of plasma pyrolisis of hydrocarbides finalized to avoiding the production of CO2. Of special interest is also the installation, made possibile by a careful management of the resources and the help of international partners, of a new linear plasma device called GyM that will be dedicated both to researches of interest for fusion, with experiments based on principles of physical similarity, and to researches of technological interest, as the generation of multicharged ions for ion implantation processes. In conclusion, I believe that it is definitely appropriate to say that, starting from the core of its long-dated competence in the physics of wave-plasma interactions, IFP today contribuites very significatively to the maintenance and the development of the competences in plasma physics and thermonuclear fusion in Italy. This is further confirmed by the thick network of cultural and operative relations we since long maintain with prestigious scientific institutions as the Università degli Studi di Milano, the Università di Milano-Bicocca, the Politecnico di Milano, the universities of Padova, Pisa, Torino e Napoli-Federico II, the CFN-IST of Lisbon, the Ecole Polytechnique Federale of Lausanne, the Chalmers University of Technology of Goeteborg, the Uppsala University, the IAP of the Russian Accademy of Sciences, and the IPP Max Planck of Garching bei Muenchen. It is therefore highly desirable that the activity of IFP within the national and the European initiatives mentioned above may not only continue but also further grow in an organizative frame such as to allow its better and better define its objectives and priorities, including the long-term ones, and to make possibile an objective appraisal of the results achieved and a full ackowledgement of the value added by the human resources involved, as it should be. The IFP Director, Euratom HRU Enzo LazzaroI documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.