Rassegna della letteratura scientifica in rivista (Literature review), 2020, ENG, 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.11.015

Effects of polyphenols on cardio-metabolic risk factors and risk of type 2 diabetes. A joint position statement of the Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group of the Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), the Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI) and the Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD)

Giacco R.; Costabile G.; Fatati G.; Frittitta L.; Maiorino M.I.; Marelli G.; Parillo M.; Pistis D.; Tubili C.; Vetrani C.; Vitale M.

Institute of Food Science of National Research Council, Avellino, Institute of Food Science of National Research Council, Avellino, Italy, , Italy; Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), , Italy; Dep. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Dep. Of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, , Italy; Unit of Diabetology, Dietology and Clinical Nutrition, S. Maria Hospital, Terni, Unit of Diabetology, Dietology and Clinical Nutrition, S. Maria Hospital, Terni, Italy, , Italy; Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI), Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI), , Italy; Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, Catania, 95122, Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy, , , Italy; Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, Catania, 95122, Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy, , , Italy; Diabetes Unit, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Diabetes Unit, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy, , Italy; Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, Vimercate Hospital, Vimercate, Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, Vimercate Hospital, Vimercate, Italy, , Italy; Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Rome, Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), , Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anna and St. Sebastian Hospital, Caserta, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anna and St. Sebastian Hospital, Caserta, Italy, , Italy; Diabetes Unit, "S.Camillo-Forlanini" Hospital, Rome, Diabetes Unit, "S.Camillo-Forlanini" Hospital, Rome, Italy, , Italy

Aim: A large body of evidence supports a role of polyphenols in the prevention of chronic diseases, i.e. type 2 diabetes (DMT2), cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer. In the present manuscript, the effect of polyphenol/phenolic compounds on the main cardio-metabolic risk factors (body weight, blood pressure, blood glucose concentrations, plasma lipids, inflammation and oxidative stress) in humans will be discussed. Data synthesis: Epidemiological evidence supports the beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich diets in the prevention of T2D risk. However, the available evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials did not allow the identification of specific phenolic compounds or polyphenol-rich foods that effectively improve cardio-metabolic risk factors. The most promising results in terms of the management of cardio-metabolic risk factors derive from RCTs based on a long-term intake of polyphenol-rich foods and beverages. Therefore, future studies should focus on a diet containing different classes of polyphenols rather than a specific food or phenolic compound. The hypothesis is that a polyphenol-rich diet may have a pleiotropic effect on cardiometabolic risk factors thanks to the specific action of different polyphenol subclasses. Conclusion: The lack of conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of polyphenols in the management of cardio-metabolic risk factors does not allow recommendation of their use as supplements to reduce T2D and CVD risk. However, the daily consumption of naturally polyphenol-rich foods and beverages might be advised according to the current nutritional dietary recommendation.

NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases (Testo stamp.) 30 , pp. 355–367

Keywords

Cardiovascular risk factors; Dietary polyphenols; Type 2 diabetes

CNR authors

Giacco Rosalba

CNR institutes

ISA – Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione