Articolo in rivista, 2020, ENG, 10.3390/ijms21249695

The impact of nanoparticles on innate immune activation by live bacteria

Swartzwelter B.J.; Fux A.C.; Johnson L.; Swart E.; Hofer S.; Hofstatter N.; Geppert M.; Italiani P.; Boraschi D.; Duschl A.; Himly M.

Department of Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Salzburg, 5020, Department of Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), 5020, Salzburg, Austria, , Austria; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Napoli, 80131, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, 80131, Napoli, Italy, , Italy; UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (UKCEH), Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (UKCEH), Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK, , United Kingdom; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, 80122, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80122, Napoli, Italy, , Italy

The innate immune system evolved to detect and react against potential dangers such as bacteria, viruses, and environmental particles. The advent of modern technology has exposed innate immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, to a relatively novel type of particulate matter, i.e., engineered nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are not inherently pathogenic, and yet cases have been described in which specific nanoparticle types can either induce innate/inflammatory responses or modulate the activity of activated innate cells. Many of these studies rely upon activation by agonists of toll-like receptors, such as lipopolysaccharide or peptidoglycan, instead of the more realistic stimulation by whole live organisms. In this review we examine and discuss the effects of nanoparticles on innate immune cells activated by live bacteria. We focus in particular on how nanoparticles may interfere with bacterial processes in the context of innate activation, and confine our scope to the effects due to particles themselves, rather than to molecules adsorbed on the particle surface. Finally, we examine the long-lasting consequences of coexposure to nanoparticles and bacteria, in terms of potential microbiome alterations and innate immune memory, and address nanoparticle-based vaccine strategies against bacterial infection.

International journal of molecular sciences (Print) 21 , pp. 1–22

Keywords

nanoparticles, innate immune system, live bacteria

CNR authors

Boraschi Diana, Italiani Paola

CNR institutes

ID: 441260

Year: 2020

Type: Articolo in rivista

Creation: 2021-01-07 12:34:33.000

Last update: 2021-01-07 14:47:50.000

External IDs

CNR OAI-PMH: oai:it.cnr:prodotti:441260

DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249695

Scopus: 2-s2.0-85098096051