CNR ExploRA

Articolo in rivista, 2021, ENG, 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112717

Design validation of in-vessel mirrors and beam dump for first plasma operations in ITER

Fanale F.; Bruschi A.; Darcourt O.; Farina D.; Figini L.; Gandini F.; Henderson M.; Hunt R.; Lechte C.; Moro A.; Platania P.; Plaum B.

ISTP CNR, Inst Plasma Sci & Technol, Milan, Italy; Politecn Milan, Dept Energy, Milan, Italy; Arial Ind, Aix En Provence, France; ITER Org, St Paul Les Durance, France; Univ Stuttgart, Inst Grenzflachenverfahrenstech & Plasmatechnol, Stuttgart, Germany.

First plasma operation in ITER will start after completing the assembly of the tokamak vessel and the installation of the main sub-systems, but prior to the installation of the blanket modules and the divertor cassettes. Utilization of temporary limiters and divertor replacement structures will provide a poloidal and toroidal reference side position to the plasma edge to protect the vacuum vessel and other components already installed during operations. An additional set of mirrors is required to reflect the power injected from the upper launcher towards the plasma resonance for EC-assisted breakdown of the plasma up to a beam dump needed to trap and absorb the power of the beams after crossing the plasma in order to reduce the stray radiation escaping back into the vacuum chamber down to less than 10% of the total power. The quasi-optical system has been designed, with shape and size of the mirrors compliant with the requirements provided by ITER for their installation, realization and plasma performances, resulting in two standard focussing mirrors and one grating mirror. The beam dump consists of a box with five metal plates, the first providing a spreading of the high incident power and the others coated with absorbing material with thickness distribution studied to gradually reduce the power during the multiple reflections inside the box, avoiding damages to the coating itself. This work focuses on the validation of the quasi-optical design of the mirrors and the assessment of the dump performances, based on a multi-bounces model developed ad-hoc for this purpose. The study includes a tolerance analysis for the beam dump to include the effect of uncertainties in the thickness of the absorbing coating and misalignments of the mirrors, to verify the performances of the dump also when operating in different conditions with respect to the nominal ones.

Fusion engineering and design (Print) 172 (11), pp. 112717-1–112717-7