RESULTS FROM 1 TO 20 OF 125

2023, Articolo in rivista, ENG

The Effect of Exposure Condition on the Composition of the Corrosion Layers of the San Carlone of Arona

Petiti C.; Salvadori B.; Vettori S.; Welter J.M.; Guzmán García Lascurain P.; Toniolo L.; Goidanich S.

The Colossus of San Carlo Borromeo, named San Carlone for its large dimensions, represents a unique opportunity to study the long-term effects of atmospheric corrosion on patina formation on historic copper sheets. The sculpture's large dimensions, complex geometry, direct visitor interaction, and exposure conditions generate different microclimates. The purpose of this study is to understand how and to what extent these microclimates affect the formation of the copper patinas. The results show that microclimates play a key role in patina formation: in external surfaces exposed to rain, the main constituent is brochantite, whereas a wider variety of corrosion products have been found in sheltered and internal surfaces, such as antlerite, atacamite, copper oxalate, posnjakite, and anglesite.

Heritage (Basel) Online 6, pp. 7531–7546

DOI: 10.3390/heritage6120395

2023, Articolo in rivista, ENG

Ancient restoration practices in the Monumental Nymphaeum at Tripolis ad Maeandrum (Turkey): multi-analytical approach on Roman and Byzantine bonding mortars

Andreotti A.; Bonaduce I.; Cantisani E.; Degano I.; Duman B.; Ismaelli T.; Salvadori B.; Vettori S.

The study of ancient architectural restoration has recently gained attention in the field of archaeometry thanks to a new sensitivity for the long biographies of human artifacts. The paper focuses on ancient repairs documented in the column shafts of the Monumental Nymphaeum of Tripolis ad Maeandrum (Denizli, Turkey). Bonding mortars used to hold the ancient patches in place were sampled and analysed according to a multi-analytical protocol, coupling mineralogical and petrographic investigation (XRPD and OM) together with FT-IR and chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques (i.e. Py-GC-MS, GC-MS, HPLC-MS) for the characterisation of the inorganic and organic components. For the inorganic part, medium and fine-grained crystals of calcite are used as aggregates. As for the organic fractions, three different ingredients have been detected: egg, beeswax and Pinaceae resin. These multi-ingredient recipes detected in Tripolis are discussed with reference to ancient literary sources and the results of scientific investigations previously performed on ancient architectural repairs in the nearby city of Hierapolis of Phrygia, to highlight functional and chronological differences.

Journal of cultural heritage (Online) 63, pp. 71–80

DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2023.07.006

2023, Articolo in rivista, ENG

Improvement in the sustainability and stability of acrylic protective coatings for outdoor bronze artworks

G. Pellis, B. Giussani, P. Letardi, T. Poli, P. Rizzi, B. Salvadori, A. Sansonetti, D. Scalarone

Outdoor bronze artworks are an entrenched part of our urban landscape. They are usually covered by a patina resulting from their exposition to the environment. This patina plays an important aesthetic role and may provide some passivation on the surface, nonetheless it does not prevent the degradation processes promoted by external factors such as pollution, light and humidity. One of the strategies to slow down these unwanted processes is the application of protective coatings. The products currently available have some limitations due to the loss of effectiveness over time and poor environmental sustainability. With the aim of proposing more performing alternatives, coatings based on Paraloid® B44 modified with corrosion inhibitors and light stabilizers were prepared and characterized. Two non-toxic corrosion inhibitors were studied, 5-mercapto-1-pheniltetrazole (MPT) and 5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine (AEDTA), comparing them with the traditional benzotriazole (BTA). The approach used aimed to identify the blend providing the most stable coatings. The chemical and physical properties of the coatings, such as colour, solubility, glass transition and composition, were studied and monitored over time. All coatings have shown adequate visual properties; however, corrosion inhibitors degrade some other properties of the coatings and need to be used in conjunction with light stabilizers. The permanence of corrosion inhibitors in the coatings over time was also studied by investigating the role of the support. The establishment of specific interactions between inhibitors and the bronze surface lengthens their permanence in the coatings compared to what happens with inert supports. Especially for AEDTA, the inhibitor retention within the coating and at the coating-bronze interface is better than for BTA and MPT. The effect of each of the additives on the photooxidation stability of the coating was evaluated and the most promising inhibitor and stabilizer combination was identified.

Polymer degradation and stability 218

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110575

2023, Articolo in rivista, ENG

Exploration of coating alternatives for the protection of bare steel and brass in scientific-technical artefacts

Molina M.T.; Salvadori B.; Cano E.; de la Fuente D.; Ramírez-Barat B.

The development of new alternatives for the protection of metallic heritage aims to improve the performance of the coatings used in recent decades. For this purpose, the performance of three novel or poorly explored coatings in this field of study has been evaluated: Owatrol Oil, TiO2-modified Paraloid B-72 and a hybrid of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), PEOX and poly(4-hydroxy styrene), PHS as a self-healing coating. These have been compared with coatings widely used in conservation such as: Paraloid B-72, Incralac and microcrystalline wax C80. The coatings were evaluated after accelerated ageing in terms of aesthetic changes (visual observation under stereomicroscope and colour measurements), protective ability (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and chemical stability (FTIR). After 500 h of exposure to Xenon-arc lamp, it was observed how the addition of TiO2 to Paraloid B-72 partially reduces photooxidation of the polymer, but at the same time harms the protective ability due to the appearance of defects. The self-healing coating is quite stable and can also regenerates superficial scratches of about 100 ?m if subjected to 90% RH. On the other side, Owatrol demonstrated a very poor performance. These advantages and disadvantages in their use have been compared with those of B-72, Incralac and C80 microcrystalline wax, identifying in which cases their application for protection on scientific-technical artefacts may be feasible.

Heritage Science 11, pp. 208–222

DOI: 10.1186/s40494-023-01049-5

2023, Articolo in rivista, ITA

Protettivi tradizionali e innovativi per bronzi storico-artistici all'aperto: caratterizzazione dell'efficacia in ambiente marino

Letardi P.; Salvadori B.

La scelta di protettivi per i bronzi storico-artistici esposti all'aperto più efficaci è una questione aperta, con diverse sfide metodologiche. In occasione del restauro del Sacrario di Redipuglia è stato sviluppato un progetto per affiancare la scelta del protettivo da applicare, basato sulla caratterizzazione con tecniche portatili non distruttive su alcune delle lastre del Sacrario e di coupon con la stessa lega nelle diverse fasi di trattamento della superficie (sabbiatura, patinatura artificiale, protezione con tre prodotti diversi). I coupon sono poi stati esposti ad invecchiamento naturale in ambiente marino per 18 mesi, ed è stata effettuata una campagna di misure presso il Sacrario nelle fasi finali del restauro. L'esame dell'andamento nel corso del tempo delle misure di colore, di Spettroscopia d'Impedenza Elettrochimica, FTIR sui coupon permettono di discutere le prestazioni dei protettivi da un punto di vista corrosionistico, chimico ed estetico, ed evidenziano andamenti diversi per quel che riguarda l'andamento dell'efficacia nel corso dell'esposizione.

La Metallurgia Italiana 114 (9), pp. 7–13

2023, Articolo in rivista, ENG

Testing of a new Yb:YAG fber laser system for the removal of graphic vandalism from marble

Suzuki A.; Riminesi C.; Ricci M.; Vettori S.; Salvadori B.

Graphic vandalism causes detrimental effects on architectural stone surfaces. Among the cleaning methods developed in the last decades, laser cleaning showed considerable effectiveness but the available equipment still lacks full adaptability for the use on site, while the cleaning process is time-consuming for the site work requirements. In this paper, the feasibility of a fiber laser operating at 1064 nm (Yb:YAG) at high repetition rate (kHz) for the removal of vandal graffiti from marble is investigated, as it is potentially suitable for cleaning of large surfaces. Indeed, this device exploits a scan system covering a wider area than that of solid state lasers, while maintaining excellent portability. Evaluation of the cleaning procedure on a selection of spray paints and felt-tip permanent markers applied on marble mock-ups is carried out with a multimodal approach (optical microscopy combined with surface pattern reconstruction, colour monitoring, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy in external refection and ATR mode, Thin Layer Chromatography, Raman spectroscopy, thermal monitoring, scanning electron microscopy). Ablation and thermal effects are observed varying the laser setting and the type of paint layer, with repetition rate showing a strong impact on the type of interaction. Overall, best cleaning procedures are achieved for the thinning of the black marker and the removal of the black spray paint. Some residues on the best results were observed, suggesting that the laser needs to be integrated with a second step of chemical cleaning. This study, focused on graffiti removal, shows that fiber laser can be a useful tool for cleaning of large monumental surfaces.

Heritage Science 11, pp. 132–152

DOI: 10.1186/s40494-023-00966-9

2023, Articolo in rivista, ENG

A new method for removing iron oxides from ancient glass: The restoration of the stained-glass windows in the Basilica of San Petronio, Bologna

Bartolozzi G.; Salvadori B.; Bracci S.; Corallini A.

The removal of rust is always a demanding challenge, whatever the material on which it formed. Many methods have been proposed and used when dealing with stone, paper and so on. For what concerns glass, in the past, the removal of rust stains has always involved the use of rather aggressive substances, such as EDTA or oxalic acid, which, if not applied in an extremely controlled manner, could damage the glass itself or deposit material that was difficult to remove. In this paper we present a new method, de- rived from a study for the removal of rust from stone and based on the use of sodium dithionite, that is demonstrated to be highly effective without any risk of damaging the glass. At first, the use of com- presses soaked with sodium dithionite buffered solution was tested in laboratory on original medieval glass samples. The good results and the absence of any risk for the integrity of the glass led to the use of this new method for the first time in an important restoration, the medieval stained-glass windows of the Santa Croce (Holy Cross) or Notari chapel in the Basilica of San Petronio in Bologna, Italy.

Journal of cultural heritage 61, pp. 127–138

DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2023.03.011

2023, Articolo in rivista, ENG

Shedding light on the microstructure and chemical composition of rare early medieval coins from Italy (Berengario I) by combining pXRF and SEM-EDX analysis

Volpi V.; Chiarantini L.; Cicali C.; Salvadori B.

The application of analytical techniques for archaeometric investigation poses a major problem when dealing with objects of high values such as coins. Due to the unique character and rarity of some coins, any kind of analysis should be better non-destructive, which means that neither original sample material can be taken nor any kind of modification is allowed. Moreover, ancient Ag-Cu coins are usually affected by silver surface enrichment which extension in depth can reach several hundreds of microns, far beyond the penetration depth of surface techniques such as pXRF. In order to gain insight into the composition and microstructure of ancient coins, to establish their "real fineness" and to determine the reliability of data obtained with pXRF, the present paper presents, for the first time in literature, the results of the compositional and microstructural features of four medieval denari made of silver-copper alloy obtained by pXRF, SEM-EDX, and FTIR analyses. Three of them are some rare denari in the name of Berengario I minted in Pavia (898-900/902-915? AD) while the fourth coin is one denarius in the name of Henry IV-V minted in Lucca (1100-1130 AD). Results provided by SEM-EDX and FTIR analyses clearly demonstrate that archeological samples could be deeply heterogeneous due to both production techniques and corrosion phenomena. This poses a big question on the representativity of analytical data obtained only with non-destructive superficial methods or with those methods where only a few spot analyses were performed. However, the pXRF results provided a data set that, even if not particularly accurate, can clearly evidence, like for Berengario I coins, some completely unexpected heterogeneities, that represent without a doubt, a big interesting archaeometric anomaly. Despite the limited number of examples, it was possible to provide important data on two monetary types of difficult chronological collocation and attribution.

Archaeological and anthropological sciences (Internet)

DOI: 10.1007/s12520-023-01726-3

2023, Contributo in volume, ENG

The Terrace of Saturn in Palazzo Vecchio, Florence (Italy): Material Characterisation and Monitoring for Preventive Conservation

Longo S.; Castellini M.; De Luca F.; Conti C.; Botteon A.; Salvadori B.; Pocobelli G. F.; Magrini D.; Riminesi C.; Manganelli Del Fa' R.; Caselli G.; Cantisani E.

Painted between 1557 and 1566 by Giorgio Vasari and Giovanni Stradano, the polychrome wooden ceiling of the Terrace of Saturn at Palazzo Vecchio in Florence (Italy) is one of the case studies of the Smart4CH2 project. During the diagnostic campaign, data from scientific analysis and monitoring of environmental conditions were collected to identify the materials and techniques used and to assess the state of conservation of the ceiling. A multi- analytical characterisation, both in situ and in the laboratory, was performed on the Terrace ceiling. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) was adopted as a preliminary on-site investigation, while on the samples collected, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy and Optical Microscopy (OM) were employed. Pigments, binders, painting technique and restorations were identified. Materials under characterisation have revealed that their majority was applied during previous restoration works and they are affected by several decay processes. Results were combined with data collected by thermo-hygrometric data loggers located close to the ceiling and in the attic too. The analysis of the correlation between diagnostic results and environmental conditions will point out whether the decay processes are still ongoing.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-17594-7_28

2022, Articolo in rivista, ENG

Sustainable Restoration Guided by Scientific and Archival Investigations: The Bio-Cleaning of Lorenzo Duke of Urbino's Sarcophagus, a Michelangelo's Masterpiece in the Medici Chapels

Alisi C.; Magrini D.; Vettori S.; Salvadori B.; Vincenti M.; Manna D.; Bietti M.; Sprocati A.R.

The masterpiece this work deals with is the tomb of Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, completed by Michelangelo around 1533 in the New Sacristy of Medici chapel in Florence. Sacristy underwent an extensive restoration (2013-2020) and Lorenzo's sarcophagus was addressed in the last phase (2019-2020). The unique history and the mediocre state of conservation of the marble may be related to body decomposition processes that, according to the documentary research, required a scientific approach to tailor an appropriate intervention. The sarcophagus underwent a bio-cleaning procedure, using bacteria belonging to the ENEA-MIRRI (Microbial Resource Research Infrastructure Italian Node) collection. Spectroscopic analysis (FTIR in ATR and in TR-total reflection-mode and XRF) and microscopic analyses allowed a correct diagnosis of the composition of the coherent deposits, guiding the selection of appropriate bacterial strains. Deposits were composed of gypsum, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphates and proteins. Following a laboratory screening and a preliminary test on-site, the three strains, Serratia ficaria SH7, Pseudomonas stutzeri CONC11 and Rhodococcus sp. ZCONT, immobilised in an appropriate supportant gel, were selected by the quality of cleaning obtained. Two applications of the micro-packs, containing each individual strain, were able to remove the centuries-old deposits within 48 h. The bio-cleaning was selective, gradual and respectful of the marble, in accordance with the restorers' opinion and reflecting the principles of sustainability.

Heritage (Basel) Online 5 (4), pp. 3359–3373

DOI: 10.3390/heritage5040172

2022, Articolo in rivista, ENG

Protective treatments for copper alloy artworks: preliminary studies of sodium oxalate and limewater effectiveness against bronze disease

Monari G.; Galeotti M.; Matteini M.; Salvadori B.; Stifanese R.; Traverso P.; Vettori S.; Letardi P.

Nantokite (CuCl) locked inside subsurface micro-pits has been recognised as the driving force to the form of corrosion called bronze disease. The use of the traditional corrosion inhibitor benzotriazole is questioned because of toxicity. So there is a need for alternative conservation treatments. This work is focused on the experimental design to test the effectiveness of sodium oxalate followed by treatment with limewater to face bronze disease on outdoor bronzes. A number of foundry bronze coupons were exposed to weathering at Genoa Experimental Marine Station (GEMS) exposure site and sprayed twice a week with a 5% NaCl solution for the first 124 days. After 562 days of natural weathering, the patinas on coupons were characterised with non-destructive techniques (NDT) and the presence of nantokite was verified. We designed a workflow, as similar as possible to conservation treatments on real artworks, to test a 3% w/v sodium oxalate treatment with two different application times, with or without limewater, on the coupons. The effectiveness of the treatments was analysed by comparison of surface properties by several NDT measurements. A statistical approach and XRD measurements directly on the corroded bronze surfaces are suggested as an effective way to characterise and compare the overall behaviour of bronze disease treatments for conservation.

Environmetal science and pollution research international (Internet)

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24107-0

2022, Articolo in rivista, ENG

Evaluation of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for distinguish anthropogenic and geogenic calcite

Calandra S.; Cantisani E.; Salvadori B.; Barone S.; Liccioli L.; Fedi M.; Garzonio C.A.

Infrared spectroscopy allows to reliably distinguish between calcites formed by different processes, e.g. geogenic and anthropogenic calcite. This approach can be used for rapid sample analysis in the radiocarbon dating of mortars. The datable component is represented by anthropogenic calcite, that results from the reaction of calcium hydroxide with the atmospheric CO2 during the hardening of the material. However, different possible sources of contamination can alter the true radiocarbon concentration and can thus make the mortar appearing either older or younger. The preventive identification of the origin of calcite present in the sample allows to measure only anthropogenic calcite, reducing the time and cost of Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (AMS) measurements. Many papers are present in the literature discussing the use of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) with the KBr pellet method, to distinguish the origin of calcite. In this paper, the use of attenuated total reflectance mode (ATR-FTIR) is evaluated since it may present valuable advantages such as non-destructivity, in the perspective of sample reuse for dating.

Journal of physics. Conference series (Print) 2204, pp. 1–6

DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2204/1/012048

2021, Articolo in rivista, ENG

Deterioration and discoloration of historical protective treatments on marble

Pinna D.; Bracci S.; Magrini D.; Salvadori B.; Andreotti A.; Colombini M.P.

This study integrates the complex research conducted on the sources of brown discolorations that occur on marble statues (fifteenth century) of the Church of Orsanmichele in Florence (Italy). They underwent conservative interventions in the past and the brownish discolorations on their surfaces strongly altered the clear tone of the marble. In this study, Carrara marble model specimens were treated with organic and inorganic substances (non-pasteurised milk; linseed oil; walnut oil; ammonium oxalate; microcrystalline wax; beeswax; milk + linseed oil; and milk + ammonium oxalate + linseed oil) to simulate their effects on the stone. Some of the substances were commonly used in the past (as on the Orsanmichele statues) but most of them are still used in many countries. The treated specimens were exposed to natural and artificial ageing. The main results of the research were (i) the specimens treated with linseed oil, milk + linseed oil, and milk + linseed oil + ammonium oxalate showed a severe change of colour after either artificial or natural ageing; (ii) an extensive polymerisation of the organic substances occurred; (iii) calcium oxalate and several oxidised diacylglycerols (DAGs) and triacylglycerols (TAGs) were the last chemical products of the oxidation processes induced by ageing; (iv) Maillard reaction, producing brownish coloration, likely occurred in specimens containing milk as a result of the interaction between sugars and proteins.

Environmental science and pollution research international

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16879-8

2021, Articolo in rivista, ENG

Nanodispersions of TiO2 in Water for Removing Acrylic Films Used in Conservation

Giuntoli G.; Bini M.; Ciuffi B.; Salvadori B.; Baldi G.; Rosi L.

The influence of a nanodispersion of TiO2 in water (nanoparticle size: 40 nm, polydispersity index: 0.25), brushed on a Paraloid film and subjected to UV-Vis irradiation was evaluated. The TiO2 nanodispersions showed a tendency to reduce the molecular weight of Paraloid due to its photocatalytic properties. FTIR and GPC analyses and SEM images suggested the degradation of the polymer, while chromatic variations of the films were scarcely detected. This study is very remarkable in the perspective of using this material for the removal of polymeric films used in conservation.

Polymers (Basel) 13

DOI: 10.3390/polym13223966

2021, Articolo in rivista, ENG

Chemical Characterization of Pope Pius VII Ancient Ecclesiastical Vestment by a Multi-Analytical Approach

Magrini D.; Bracci S.; Iannaccone R.; Nucci L.; Salvadori B.

This paper presents a multi-analytical investigation performed for the study of the ecclesiastical vestment, with insignia, of Pope Pius VII, painted from the end of the 18th up to the beginning of the 19th century, made of five clothing elements: chasuble, stole, maniple, chalice veil and purse. The aim of this research was to assess the conservation state of the silk and painted backgrounds; to define the manufacturing technique of the work; to localize, if present, the underdrawing and any retouching; to identify the pigments and, where possible, the binders used. A diagnostic protocol was developed based on preliminary investigations through multiband imaging techniques known as MBI (visible, ultraviolet-induced visible luminescence (UVL), near-infrared reflected (NIR) and infrared reflected false color (IRRFC) photography). The images acquired with MBI techniques ensured a more specific choice of spots to be analyzed directly in situ by non-invasive techniques. In particular, portable digital optical microscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were performed. Two fragments detached from the chasuble were also analyzed by microFT-IR, microRaman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Application of the multi-analytical protocol enabled the materials used to be characterized and helped to define the peculiar execution technique used. The presence of an underdrawing made with a carbon pencil was highlighted by MBI. Red lakes, iron-based pigments and copper-based pigments have been identified on the painting palette, applied with arabic gum as a binder.

Heritage (Basel) Online, pp. 1616–1638

DOI: 10.3390/heritage4030090

2021, Articolo in rivista, ENG

The mortars of Giotto's Bell Tower (Florence, Italy): raw materials and technologies

Cantisani E.; Calandra S.; Barone S.; Caciagli S.; Fedi M.; Garzonio CA.; Liccioli L.; Salvadori B.; Salvatici T.; Vettori S.

Giotto's Bell Tower is known as one of the most important religious buildings of the 14th century in Florence (Italy). Its different construction phases have been well documented over time. The possibility of analyzing mortars collected from different construction phases, allowed us a complete chemical, mineralogical, petrographic, physical and mechanical characterization of these materials, improving the knowledge of building technologies and raw materials used at different times. In addition, knowing the approximate time of production of the mortar samples, it was possible to verify if they are suitable for radiocarbon dating.

Construction & building materials 267

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120801

2020, Articolo in rivista, ITA

Prime indagini su opere bronzee da Pompei. Nuovi dati sulla policromia antica

Pucci E.; Cagnini A.; Galeotti M.; Salvadori B.

Lo studio che qui si presenta è stato condotto a margine della ricerca in corso di svolgimento da parte di chi scrive nell'ambito del dottorato in Storia delle Arti e dello Spettacolo istituito presso l'Università degli Studi di Firenze (ciclo XXXV) avente come titolo "I restauri storicizzati nei grandi e piccoli bronzi antichi musealizzati". Lo scopo principale dello studio ha riguardato l'acquisizione di nuovi dati di conoscenza sugli aspetti archeometallurgici e di restauro relativamente ad un ristretto gruppo di bronzi rinvenuti nel XX secolo e, quindi, con una storia conservativa abbastanza breve. Questi dati verranno confrontati in un prossimo futuro con i risultati derivanti da interventi simili effettuati su manufatti bronzei recuperati nel XVIII-XIX secolo nella medesima area (oggi conservati al Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli) che, viceversa, hanno subito vicissitudini complesse. I bronzi oggetto di studio, provenienti da due contesti tra i più noti dell'antica città romana e caratterizzati dall'eccezionalità dei rinvenimenti, sono attualmente custoditi presso il deposito dell'Antiquarium di Boscoreale: - Efebo lampadoforo di Casa Marcus Fabius Rufus (Regio VII, 16, 22) (fig. 1); - Apollo lampadoforo di Casa di Caius Iulius Polybius (Regio IX, 13, n.1-3) (fig. 2); - Cratere a calice con scena mitologica di Casa di Caius Iulius Polybius (Regio IX, 13, n.1-3) (fig. 3). Si tratta di opere molto note e oggetto di numerosi studi, perlopiù concordi nel valutare questi pezzi di notevole qualità artistica, funzionali e di gusto estetico raffinato, legati al collezionismo di élite diffuso in epoca imperiale.1 Sia il grande cratere che i due lampadofori2 rappresentano espressioni artistiche liberamente ispirate o copiate da prototipi più antichi con combinazione di diversi stili, i quali incarnano e trasmettono i valori e il gusto di quel tempo. Eredi del felice fenomeno di diffusione dei modelli greci nel mondo romano con estrema varietà nel loro impiego, assumendo funzioni inedite introdotti in nuovi contesti ambientali.3 In questo contributo sono illustrati gli esiti della prima campagna di indagini e la messa a punto di preliminari test di pulitura indirizzati a recuperare la lettura di policromie superficiali, seguendo un approccio esclusivamente non invasivo, non distruttivo e in situ, cercando di limitare il più possibile le delicate operazioni di movimentazione che coinvolgono comunque manufatti di notevole pregio e di estrema fragilità.4 L'insieme dei dati ottenuti, dalle indagini scientifiche e dalle prove di pulitura, contribuiscono all'approfondimento sullo studio delle tecniche antiche e alla migliore lettura e interpretazione storico-stilistica delle opere, fornendo risultati inediti per gli aspetti finora meno studiati. In particolare sono emersi dati interessanti sui restauri condotti nell'antichità e quelli di età contemporanea (anni 60' e 80' del Novecento), così come gli aspetti sulla policromia legata agli inserti metallici.

OPD restauro (Testo stampato) 32, pp. 88–99

2020, Altro prodotto, ITA

Webinar: La diagnostica non invasiva per la conoscenza e la conservazione del Patrimonio Culturale

Alfonsina Pagano

Iniziativa social di Istituto #ISPConAIR effettuato il 28-29 maggio 2020 sulla piattaforma Zoom. Attualmente riproducibile sul canale YouTube ISPC. Durante questo webinar si parlerà di diagnostica non invasiva per la conoscenza e la conservazione del Patrimonio Culturale. A farvi compagnia ci saranno alcuni ricercatori delle sedi di Catania, Roma, Firenze e Milano dell'ISPC. Spinti dalla necessità di studiare opere d'arte uniche ed insostituibili senza comprometterne l'integrità - materica ed intellettuale - negli ultimi decenni si sono intrapresi sforzi per sviluppare strumenti e metodologie analitiche non invasive che, utilizzate in modo integrato, possano fornire informazioni chimiche dettagliate dei materiali costitutivi del Patrimonio Culturale, siano essi originali, di restauro o di degrado. Inoltre, gran parte del Patrimonio è costituito da oggetti immobili che non possono essere spostati e, anche nel caso di beni mobili, costi e rischi ne impediscono lo spostamento nei laboratori scientifici. Per tali motivi, gli scienziati si sono orientati verso la progettazione e messa a punto di strumenti portatili che siano in grado di raggiungere l'oggetto laddove è conservato. In questo webinar proporremo una carrellata di esempi, dove tecniche analitiche all'avanguardia - single spot e di imaging - basate su diversi tipi di radiazione (dalle particelle cariche ai raggi X, dalla luce visibile alla luce infrarossa, fino alle microonde) sono stati impiegate in modo non invasivo e in assetto portatile per lo studio di diverse tipologie di oggetti del Patrimonio Culturale. Tali applicazioni hanno permesso una fruttuosa collaborazione interdisciplinare con archeologi, storici dell'arte, conservatori e curatori per studiare la materialità del Patrimonio Culturale e monitorarne e valutarne lo stato conservativo anche al fine di delineare nuove strategie conservative e di esposizione. Le competenze e le strumentazioni del CNR in questo ambito contribuiscono alla piattaforma MOLAB attiva nel progetto IPERION HS (http://www.iperionhs.eu/), in cui si offre accesso a sistema integrato di strumentazioni portatili non invasive per ricerche nell'ambito dell'Heritage Science. Il programma dell'evento è scaricabile qui: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ofm9oFJ3jChhQ86aCwoZqJKl1nQGD93l/view?usp=sharing Per l'evento qui: https://www.eventbrite.it/e/registrazione-cnr-ispc-on-air-le-scienze-del-patrimonio-culturale-come-il-digitale-aiuta-lo-studio-la-104337097066

2020, Articolo in rivista, ENG

Efficiency evaluation of chemical and physical methods for the removal of spray paints from marble substrates

Bargi, M.; Morigi, M. P.; Fontana, R.; Pampaloni, E.; Striova, J.; Salvadori, B.

The graphic vandalism is considered one of the most important topics in the field of conservation of cultural heritage. The most widespread means used for the acts of vandalism are the felt-tip pens and the aerosol paints. These tools irreversibly damage the stone substrates, changing their appearance and conservation state. The aim of this article is to compare and characterize four different cleaning approaches in terms of their efficacy and invasiveness in the removal of the specific brand spray used as dirtying material.

IOP conference series. Materials science and engineering (Print) 949 (1)

DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/949/1/012027

2020, Rapporto tecnico, ITA

Indagini diagnostiche per lo studio e di supporto al restauro delle sculture del monumento di Lorenzo Duca di Urbino nella Sagrestria Nuova di Michelangelo, Museo delle Cappelle Medicee, Gruppo Bargello Fi.

Magrini D., Salvadori B., Vettori S.

Indagini diagnostiche per lo studio e di supporto al restauro delle sculture del monumento di Lorenzo Duca di Urbino nella Sagrestria Nuova di Michelangelo, Museo delle Cappelle Medicee, Gruppo Bargello Fi. Le indagini che verranno eseguite saranno: - indagini colorimetriche da eseguirsi su test di pulitura prima, durante e a seguito dell'intervento - indagini della riflettanza superficiale con spettrofotometro e comparazione risultati - micro-prelievi per analisi composizionale di materiale superficiale

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Salvadori Barbara

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    PC.P03.006.001, Sviluppo di nuovi materiali e tecniche per il restauro e la conservazione dei Beni Culturali (25)
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    PC.P03.009.004, Indagini Innovative per il monitoraggio delle superfici di manufatti di interesse architettonico, storico-artistico e archeologico (2)
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