Analisi dei dati della pagina Facebook (@CNRsocialFB) istituzionale del Cnr, relativi al periodo luglio-settembre 2022

Analisi dei dati della pagina Facebook (@CNRsocialFB) istituzionale del Cnr, relativi al periodo gennaio-giugno 2022

Panoramica dei dati dei canali social istituzionali del CNR (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram e LinkedIN) relativi al 2020

The metaverse promises a host of bright opportunities for business, economics, and society. Though, a number of critical aspects are still to be considered and the analysis of their impact is almost non-existent. In this paper, we provide several contributions. We start by analysing the foundations of the metaverse, later we focus on the novel privacy and security issues introduced by this new paradigm, and finally we broaden the scope of the contribution highlighting some of the far-reaching yet logical implications of the metaverse on a number of domains, not all of them in tech. Throughout the paper, we also discuss possible research directions. We believe that the provided holistic view on the foundations, technology, and issues related to the metaverse--with a focus on security and privacy--, other than being an interesting contribution on its own, could also pave the way for a few multidisciplinary research avenues

The recent COVID-19 pandemic came alongside with an "infodemic", with online social media flooded by often unreliable information associating the medical emergency with popular subjects of disinformation. In Italy, one of the first European countries suffering a rise in new cases and dealing with a total lockdown, controversial topics such as migrant flows and the 5G technology were often associated online with the origin and diffusion of the virus. In this work we analyze COVID-19 related conversations on the Italian Facebook, collecting over 1.5M posts shared by nearly 80k public pages and groups for a period of four months since January 2020. On the one hand, our findings suggest that well-known unreliable sources had a limited exposure, and that discussions over controversial topics did not spark a comparable engagement with respect to institutional and scientific communication. On the other hand, however, we realize that dis- and counter-information induced a polarization of (clusters of) groups and pages, wherein conversations were characterized by a topical lexicon, by a great diffusion of user generated content, and by link-sharing patterns that seem ascribable to coordinated propaganda. As revealed by the URL-sharing diffusion network showing a "small-world" effect, users were easily exposed to harmful propaganda as well as to verified information on the virus, exalting the role of public figures and mainstream media, as well as of Facebook groups, in shaping the public opinion.

Purpose: Because of the expansion of the internet and Web 2.0 phenomenon, new challenges are emerging in the disclosure practises adopted by organisations in the public-sector. This study aims to examine local governments' (LGOs) use of social media (SM) in disclosing environmental actions/plans/information as a new way to improve accountability to citizens to obtain organisational legitimacy and the related sentiment of citizens' judgements. Design/methodology/approach: This paper analyses the content of 39 Italian LGOs' public pages on Facebook. After the distinction between five classes of environmental issues (air, water, energy, waste and territory), an initial study is performed to detect possible sub-topics applying latent Dirichlet allocation. Having a list of posts related to specific environmental themes, the researchers computed the sentiment of citizens' comments. To measure sentiment, two different approaches were implemented: one based on a lexicon dictionary and the other based on convolutional neural networks. Findings: Facebook is used by LGOs to disclose environmental issues, focussing on their main interest in obtaining organisational legitimacy, and the analysis shows an increasing impact of Web 2.0 in the direct interaction of LGOs with citizens. On the other hand, there is a clear divergence of interest on environmental topics between LGOs and citizens in a dialogic accountability framework. Practical implications: Sentiment analysis (SA) could be used by politicians, but also by managers/entrepreneurs in the business sector, to analyse stakeholders' judgements of their communications/actions and plans on corporate social responsibility. This tool gives a result on time (i.e. not months or years after, as for the reporting system). It is cheaper than a survey and allows a first "photograph" of stakeholders' sentiment. It can also be a useful tool for supporting, developing and improving environmental reporting. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper is one of the first to apply SA to environmental disclosure via SM in the public sphere. The study links modern techniques in natural language processing and machine learning with the important aspects of environmental communication between LGOs and citizens.

The Internet and social media have profoundly changed the way the public receives and transmits news. The ability of the web to quickly disperse information both geographically and temporally allows social media to reach a much wider audience compared to traditional mass media. A powerful role is played by sharing, as millions of people routinely share news on social media platforms, influencing each other by transmitting their mood and feelings to others through emotional contagion. Thus, social media has become crucial in driving public perception and opinion. Humans have an instinctive fear of large carnivores, but such a negative attitude may be amplified by news media presentations and their diffusion on social media. Here, we investigated how reports of predator attacks on humans published in online newspapers spread on social media. By means of multi-model inference, we explored the contribution of four factors in driving the number of total shares (NTS) of news reports on social media: the graphic/sensationalistic content, the presence of images, the species, as well as the newspaper coverage. According to our results, the information delivered by social media is highly biased toward a graphic/sensationalistic view of predators. Thus, such negative coverage might lead to an unjustified and amplified fear in the public with consequent lower tolerance toward predators and decrease in the support for conservation plans. However, because social media represents a powerful communication tool, its role might be reversed to positive if used appropriately. Thus, constant engagement of scientists on social media would be needed to both disseminate more accurate information on large carnivores and stem the tide of misinformation before its widespread diffusion, a crucial step for effective predator conservation.

Die Bedeutung der sozialen Netzwerke als Mittel zum Ausdruck der eigenen Identität und zur gemeinschaftlichen Teilhabe wächst weiterhin, vor allem in den jüngeren Generationen. Partizipationspraktiken verschiedener Art deuten auf eine Verschmelzung zwischen dem formellen Bildungsbereich und dem informellen Alltagskontext der Jugendlichen hin. Neben den Vorteilen, die damit einhergehen, muss man auch die eventuellen Risiken in Betracht ziehen, sowohl auf Seiten des Lehrpersonals als auch für Schüler*innen, wenn diese nicht über die adäquaten Kompetenzen verfügen. Der Erwerb von Fachkompetenzen kann zur Verringerung der Risiken und dementsprechend zur vollen Ausnutzung des Potenzials sozialer Medien im schulischen Bereich beitragen. Mittels der hier berichteten Erfahrung soll geprüft werden, ob beispielsweise eine Facebook-ähnliche Umgebung als Instrument zum persönlichen Ausdruck von Schüler*innen der Sekundarschule dienen kann, sodass diese zu Hauptakteur*innen der Verbesserungsprozesse ihrer Ausbildung werden können. Der Mangel an Beteiligung seitens der Schüler*innen in der Studie hat die Autorinnen zu einigen Überlegungen zum Einsatz sozialer Netzwerke im schulischen Umfeld motiviert, sowohl in Bezug auf den Ansatz von Student Voice als auch auf die Bedingungen für dessen effektive Umsetzung in der Schule.

In historical memory education, digital technologies are gaining momentum and becoming influential in enhancing the general public's knowledge and understanding of historical events such as genocides and war atrocities. Holocaust remembrance centres and Holocaust museums have had a solid presence on the Internet for considerable time now, curating websites, mailing lists and other digital services. Social media are increasingly proving to be extremely valuable tools for allowing museums to engage with their public and for managing relations with past and future visitors. Indeed, Facebook pages, Twitter accounts and Instagram profiles have become significant components of the communication portfolios of various Holocaust organisations. Twitter mostly helps the public to keep up with the latest information and developments of the organisations concerned, while the Facebook pages of Holocaust victims and individual memorials are mainly set up for historical memorialisation. Despite growing use of these channels, very little research has been conducted to investigate the communication strategy of Holocaust organizations in social media, and a comprehensive overview of Holocaust memorial site presence on social media is still lacking. This study provides a preliminary analysis of Facebook pages and Twitter profiles of 23 memorials of former concentration camp located across Europe. The overarching aim is to investigate how these memorial organisations engage the public through social media, both at content page level and at relational level. The communication strategies of Facebook pages and Twitter profiles were analysed in terms of generated content, interactivity and popularity. A quantitative analysis was conducted by manual search and inspection of pages and profiles, combined with the application of social media data analysis platforms like LikeAlyzer, Fanpage Karma and Twitonomy. Results show that the majority (N=17) of the memorial organizations have a Facebook page, while only about a third (N=9) are active on Twitter. Moreover, great variance among the various social media services was observed, with many showing limited activity or low engagement levels. Indications for future research and limitations of the study are also reported.

On social networks, the storage, usage, and sharing of users data is usually regulated by privacy policies: natural language terms, in which specific actions are authorised, obliged, or denied, under some contextual conditions. Although guaranteeing degrees of readability and clarity, policies in natural language are not machine readable, thus preventing automatic controls on how the data are actually going to be used and processed by the entities that operate on them. In this paper, we propose an ontology-based approach for automatic translation of privacy statements, from natural language to a controlled natural one, to facilitate machine-readable processing. We provide a prototype implementation of the software-based translation tool, showing its effectiveness on a set of Facebook data policies.

Rapporto tecnico-analitico, relativo al profilo Facebook 'Ufficio Stampa Cnr - @StampaCnr' per il periodo gennaio-giugno 2018, redatto da Alessia Cosseddu

Rapporto tecnico-analitico, relativo alla Pagina Facebook 'Ufficio Stampa Cnr - @StampaCnr' per il periodo luglio-dicembre 2017, redatto da Alessia Cosseddu

Facebook has received considerable attention in a number of research areas. However, its educational value has not been fully confirmed and results from the mainstream educational paradigms are contradictory. A number of experiences related to the educational use of Facebook as a technology-enhanced learning environment are also flourishing. In these, Facebook has been used as a unique, or at least as one, learning management system tool, or as a platform for educational purposes. This chapter focuses on these issues, providing a wide overview of the current literature on the educational value of Facebook considering both theoretical positions and empirical findings. Furthermore, a few preliminary guidelines about Facebook usage are provided, pertaining to pedagogical, institutional, technological, and ethical issues. The chapter finally provides some hints about emerging trends and areas that deserve further research, such as professional development, academic practice, and location-based learning.

The advent of social media and microblogging platforms has radically changed the way we consume information and form opinions. In this paper, we explore the anatomy of the information space on Facebook by characterizing on a global scale the news consumption patterns of 376 million users over a time span of 6 y (January 2010 to December 2015). We find that users tend to focus on a limited set of pages, producing a sharp community structure among news outlets. We also find that the preferences of users and news providers differ. By tracking how Facebook pages "like" each other and examining their geolocation, we find that news providers are more geographically confined than users. We devise a simple model of selective exposure that reproduces the observed connectivity patterns.

In recent years, there has been increasing emphasis on the benefits of social media and social network sites to foster young people's participation in digital public spaces and their civic engagement. Using the principles of the Student Voice approach, this study investigated the use of a Facebook group to support secondary school students' voices and viewpoints on school quality and policy (N = 98). The results showed that students were reluctant to be active in the group for several reasons, such as mistrust of school policies and resistance to combining Facebook use with school-related issues. The low participation provided clues to reflect on the design of Student Voice projects to support civic engagement at school and to evaluate the use of digital sites to support Student Voice. Some considerations on the reasons for project failure and how to successfully reach student participation in a technology-enhanced environment at school that addresses power relations, authenticity and inclusion are provided.

The present paper examines the students' perceptions about the use of Facebook and Moodle in the University setting. In this study, researchers administered to students of the Faculty of Psychology at Genoa University an online survey, which aimed to figure out their personal use of Facebook, expressed by reasons and frequency of use and activities. Moreover, students were asked to express four adjectives (two positive and two negative) in comparing the use of Moodle versus Facebook for academic purposes. Findings show that Facebook is mainly used for social reason and Moodle is perceived by students as more formal, regulated and unconfortable. As it is suggested by the results, there could be an integration between these two tools to allow a higher engagement in learning processes.

This study provides an updated critical review of the literature on Facebook as a technology-enhanced learning environment based on papers published between 2012 and 2015. It adopts a revised classification of the categories identified in a previous study, which emphasized three main Facebook affordances - mixing information and learning resources, hybridization of expertise and widening context of learning. The aim is to investigate to what extent studies using Facebook as a learning environment exploited these affordances. Literature has been also analysed according to three types of educational use of Facebook - formal use in formal learning settings (FUF), informal use in formal learning settings (IUF) and use in informal learning settings (UI) - to highlight if and how Facebook affordances have been exploited in these learning settings. Literature search identified 147 articles published in peer-reviewed journals. The results show that most of the articles can be classified as dealing with FUF (N = 69; 46.9%) or as IUF (N = 68; 46.3%); only a minority concerns the UI (N = 10; 6.8%). Overall, the study found that Facebook pedagogical affordances are still partially implemented, although different types of educational use of Facebook exploit these affordances to different degrees. It also provides indications for future research.

Facebook has received considerable attention in a number of research areas. However, its educational value has not been fully confirmed and results from the mainstream educational paradigms are contradictory. A number of experiences related to the educational use of Facebook as a technology-enhanced learning environment are also flourishing. In these, Facebook has been used as a unique, or at least as one, learning management system tool, or as a platform for educational purposes. This chapter focuses on these issues, providing a wide overview of the current literature on the educational value of Facebook considering both theoretical positions and empirical findings. Furthermore, a few preliminary guidelines about Facebook usage are provided, pertaining to pedagogical, institutional, technological, and ethical issues. The chapter finally provides some hints about emerging trends and areas that deserve further research, such as professional development, academic practice, and location-based learning.

The wide availability of user-provided content in online socialmedia facilitates the aggregation of people around common interests, worldviews, and narratives. However, the World Wide Web (WWW) also allows for the rapid dissemination of unsubstantiated rumors and conspiracy theories that often elicit rapid, large, but naive social responses such as the recent case of Jade Helm 15-where a simple military exercise turned out to be perceived as the beginning of a new civil war in the United States. In this work, we address the determinants governing misinformation spreading through a thorough quantitative analysis. In particular, we focus on how Facebook users consume information related to two distinct narratives: scientific and conspiracy news. We find that, although consumers of scientific and conspiracy stories present similar consumption patterns with respect to content, cascade dynamics differ. Selective exposure to content is the primary driver of content diffusion and generates the formation of homogeneous clusters, i.e., "echo chambers." Indeed, homogeneity appears to be the primary driver for the diffusion of contents and each echo chamber has its own cascade dynamics. Finally, we introduce a data-driven percolation model mimicking rumor spreading and we show that homogeneity and polarization are the main determinants for predicting cascades' size.

This study investigates the use of social networks as a scientific tool for gathering medical data from young subjects while promoting healthier habits. Our first hypothesis is that social networks can facilitate epidemiological studies, reducing time and cost. The second question is whether social networks can enable the collection of data from young and healthy subjects who are otherwise beyond the reach of conventional social health polls. A Facebook application was created to collect data concerning adherence to the Mediterranean diet, considering the significant risk of cardiovascular and neurological degenerative diseases in subjects with poor adherence to a healthy diet. More than 1400 users were recruited in a short time without any promotional action. Collected data indicate that adherence to the Mediterranean diet is in general greater in older users vs young (p <0.01) and Italian vs Other Countries (mainly participants from the US) (p <0.03), while no statistical differences were found concerning gender. Results show that the proposed approach offers advantages in terms of reduced cost, faster data gathering and processing, and improved efficiency compared to a form-based epidemiology campaign. However, the initial network may influence the sample constitution in age and geographical location, especially if the spread does not become viral and autonomous. Based on the case study, we provide designers of Facebook apps with some simple guideline suggestions aimed at maximizing the heterogeneity of the sample, in order to collect significant data. The proposed scenario, suitable for collecting health data, can easily be extended to other fields.