RESULTS FROM 1 TO 20 OF 59

2020, Presentazione, ENG

End-of-life disposal in inclined geosynchronous orbits

Anselmo L.; Pardini C.

The first version (2002) of the Mitigation Guidelines issued by the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) defined a toroidal Geosynchronous Protected Region, extending 200 km below and above the geosynchronous altitude of 35,786 km, and spanning latitudes in between -15 and +15 deg with respect to the Earth equator. A formula was also proposed (slightly amended in 2007) for the appropriate end-of-life disposal of spacecraft, in order to guarantee no further interference with the protected region over the long-term. These definitions were elaborated when the nearly exclusive utilization of the geosynchronous region consisted of geostationary satellites placed and maintained, during their operational lifetime, close to the Earth equator. When finally abandoned, due to the concurring action of geopotential and luni-solar perturbations, such objects displayed a characteristic periodic orbit plane evolution, with a period of about 54 years and a maximum inclination of about 15 deg. However, significantly Inclined Geosynchronous Orbits (IGO) are currently considered for various applications, like satellite navigation systems, intelligence and telecommunications. In the light of these developments, the aim of this presentation is to review the current definition of the Geosynchronous Protected Region, assessing if it would need an extension. Special attention is paid to the end-of-life disposal, in order to check the potential weaknesses of the current IADC formula and re-orbiting recommendations, focusing on the consequences of having operational orbits characterized by medium or high inclinations.

8th Satellites End of Life and Sustainable Technologies Workshop, Paris, France, CNES-HQ, January 22-23, 2020

2020, Contributo in atti di convegno, ENG

The low LEO protected region: new challenges from large satellite constellations

Anselmo L.; Pardini C.

Since the definition of a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) protected region, up to the altitude of 2000 km, at the beginning of the 2000s, most of the attention of the space debris mitigation community was focused on heights greater than 600 km. In such orbital regimes, in fact, the average residual lifetimes of inert satellites and rocket bodies are typically greater than 20 years and the highest concentrations of functional satellites and space debris were historically found. The low LEO region, below 600 km, is however extremely important for space applications. In fact, since the last Apollo mission to the Moon, in December 1972, all human spaceflight was carried out there, the International Space Station, the planned large Chinese space station, the Indian crewed program and possible human tended private havens are making or will make use of this region of space, and also absolutely critical missions, like the Hubble Space Telescope, are orbiting below 600 km. In recent years there was a dramatic increase in the launch rate of small satellites and cubesats in low LEO, boosting the number of potentially risky objects to be tracked and monitored. But the most dramatic development currently going on is the deployment of large satellite constellations, with almost 10,000 spacecraft planned only in low LEO in the coming years. Even though any failed satellite of the planned mega-constellations will decay from orbit in less than 25 years, therefore formally complying with current international space debris mitigation guidelines, it is realistic to expect a relatively high number of failures, considering the experimental nature of spacecraft tested in space, and in great numbers, for the first time. The short- and medium-term consequences for the satellite operations in low LEO might therefore be far from negligible. The aim of this paper is therefore to present a preliminary review of the new challenges to be faced by spacecraft and space operations below 600 km, in the coming years, due to the deployment of large constellations of small satellites.

2nd IAA Conference on Space Situational Awareness (ICSSA), Hilton Arlington, Washington D.C., USA, 14-16/01/2020

2019, Editoriale in rivista, ENG

Special issue on Space Situational Awareness from the 1st International Academy of Astronautics Conference on Space Situational Awareness or ICSSA 2017

Bevilacqua R.; Kumar M.; Aifriend T.; Krag H.; Anselmo L.

Acta astronautica 155, pp. 367–368

DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.02.027

2018, Presentazione, ENG

Italian Space Agency Space Debris Mitigation Activities Delegation Report

Vellutini E.; Anselmo L.

The space debris mitigation activities carried out in Italy between the 35th and the 36th IADC Plenary Meeting are summarized.

36th Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) Plenary Meeting, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 05-08/06/2018

2017, Rapporto di progetto (Project report), ITA

Accordo di collaborazione tra ASI e INAF - Deliverable Document DEL003: Detriti spaziali: supporto alle attività IADC e validazione pre-operativa per SST

Bianchi G.; Piergentili F.; Rossi A.; Pardini C.; Francesconi A.; Anselmo L.; Pisanu T.; Di Lizia P.; Santoni F.; Valentini G.

Questo documento è il terzo deliverable dell'accordo di collaborazione tra ASI e INAF in ambito "Detriti Spaziali-Supporto alle attività lADC e validazione pre-operativa per SST". Sono riportate le attività svolte dai vari enti coinvolti, dalla RA2 fino al 18-esimo mese dell'accordo, suddivisi per WP (Work Package).

2016, Rapporto di progetto (Project report), ENG

DETRITI SPAZIALI: supporto alle attività IADC e validazione pre-operativa per SST - Deliverable Document RA1

Bianchi G.; Piergentili F.; Rossi A.; Pardini C.; Francesconi A.; Anselmo L.; Pisanu T.; Di Lizia P.; Santoni F.; Valentini G.; Di Cecco A.

This document is the first deliverable of the cooperation agreement between ASI and INAF on "Space Debris: Support to the IADC activities and pre-operational validation for space surveillance and tracking". It presents the activities carried out by the various entities involved in each work package during the first 6 months of the contract.

2016, Rapporto di progetto (Project report), ENG

DETRITI SPAZIALI: supporto alle attività IADC e validazione pre-operativa per SST - Deliverable Document DEL002

Bianchi G.; Piergentili F.; Rossi A.; Pardini C.; Francesconi A.; Anselmo L.; Pisanu T.; Di Lizia P.; Santoni F.; Valentini G.; Di Cecco A.

This document is the second deliverable of the cooperation agreement between ASI and INAF on "Space Debris: Support to the IADC activities and pre-operational validation for space surveillance and tracking". It presents the activities carried out by the various entities involved in each work package during the second semester of the contract.

2016, Presentazione, ENG

Proposals for a flight experiment on active removal of a spent rocket stage

Makarov Y., Shatrov Y.; Trushlyakov V.; Anselmo L.; Pardini C.

In the development of scientific and methodological proposals for carrying out the flight experiment of the elements of a system for active de-orbiting of large debris from the low-orbit region of the near-Earth space, it is suggested to take the following steps: a) the development of the system should be based on international cooperation, including the phase of creating its major scientific and methodological concepts; b) as large space debris it is suggested to use a spent second stage of the space launch vehicle "Kosmos-3M" (target), being in orbit for a long time, with angular speeds slow enough to allow its docking, capture and termination of rotation by the proposed system; c) the selection of the target (from potential ~ 300 spent second stages of "Kosmos-3M" located in the low orbit protected region) for the flight experiment is carried out on the basis of the criteria developed; d) it is proposed to develop an active docking module (ADM), allowing the installation of various systems of docking, for capture, nulling the kinematic momentum of the target and its towing (mechanical, non-contact) into the disposal orbit; e) the flight experiment of the proposed technical solutions should be carried out in the co-launch of payloads using different launch vehicles and boosters; f) the long-distance guidance tasks and the de-orbiting of the [ADM + target] configuration is assigned to the booster; g) ADM's tasks include near guidance, docking with the target, capture, and target rotation braking; h) separating the ADM from the booster in the near-distance guided area, the reverse docking of the [ADM + target] configuration with the booster is performed by using a tether system; i) a controlled de-orbiting [booster + ADM + target] into the disposal orbit must be provided, ensuring its maximum burning in the atmosphere and the fall of the unburned fragments on a predetermined oceanic area with a casualty expectancy well below 0.0001. The proposed concepts do not consider such possible methods for de-orbiting the target: tether systems applied to the target, laser pulses fired to the target, solar sails, etc.

4th International Workshop on Space Debris Modelling and Remediation, CNES HQ, Paris, France, 6-8 June 2016

2015, Rapporto di progetto (Project report), ENG

Disposal strategies analysis for MEO orbits: report on review results and preparation. Technical Report D3 (Task 1: Preparation)

Anselmo L.; Pardini C.; Deleflie F.; Alessi E.M.; Rosengren A.J.; Daquin J.; Valsecchi G.B.; Rossi A.; Vienne A.; Lewis H.; Colombo C.; Zuiani F.; Vasile M.; McInnes C.

This document collects the study notes issued for the Task 1 "Preparation" of the ESA funded study on "Disposal Strategies Analysis for MEO Orbits". The task consisted of four work packages: o WP-110, on "Review of constellation configuration, operation, maintenance and disposal", carried out by L. Anselmo and C. Pardini, of ISTI/CNR; o WP-120, on "Definition of initial conditions and dynamical models for further simulations", carried out by F. Deleflie, J. Daquin, A. Bourgoin (until September 2013) and A. Vienne, of IMCCE, and by E.M. Alessi, A.J. Rosengren (since April 2014), G.B. Valsecchi and A. Rossi, of IFAC/CNR; o WP-130, on "Review and upgrade of existing model", carried out by A. Rossi, E.M. Alessi and G.B. Valsecchi, of IFAC/CNR, and by H. Lewis, of the University of Southampton; o WP-140, on "MEO control with non-gravitational forces", carried out by C. Colombo, of the University of Southampton, and by F. Zuiani, M. Vasile and C. McInnes, of the University of Strathclyde.

2015, Rapporto di progetto (Project report), ENG

ESA - Disposal strategy analysis for MEO orbits - Executive summary

Rossi A.; Alessi E. M.; Valsecchi G.; Lewis H. G.; Colombo C.; Anselmo L.; Pardini C.; Deleflie F.; Daquin J.; Vasile M.; Zuiani F.

Executive Summary of the ESA contract No. 4000107201/12/F/MOS to IFAC/CNR, ISTI/CNR, University of Southampton, IMCCE and University of Strathclyde on Disposal Strategy Analysis for MEO Orbits.

2015, Rapporto di progetto (Project report), ENG

Review of medium Earth orbit GNSS constellation configuration, operation, maintenance and disposal [Final version]

Anselmo L.; Pardini C.

This study note reviews the basic orbit parameters and characteristics of the four global navigation satellite constellations operational or planned in medium Earth orbit: GLONASS (Russia), GPS (USA), Beidou-M (China) and Galileo (Europe). The launch history, mission profile, spacecraft lifetime and maintenance strategy are detailed, based on the available literature and open information. The disposal rules applied so far to constellation spacecraft and upper stages are discussed, together with their long-term impact in terms of orbital evolution and possible crossing of the altitudes of the operational satellites. Finally, the average cross section (randomly tumbling) is estimated for some of the spacecraft models of the constellations and the upper stages used to place them in orbit. Spacecraft and upper stage masses, taken from the available literature, are provided as well.

2015, Rapporto di progetto (Project report), ENG

Disposal strategy analysis for MEO orbits: report on review results and preparation

Anselmo L.

This document collects the study notes issued for the Task 1 "Preparation" of the ESA funded study on "Disposal Strategies Analysis for MEO Orbits". The task consisted of four work packages: . WP-110, on "Review of constellation configuration, operation, maintenance and disposal", carried out by L. Anselmo and C. Pardini, of ISTI/CNR; . WP-120, on "Definition of initial conditions and dynamical models for further simulations", carried out by F. Deleflie, J. Daquin, A. Bourgoin (until September 2013) and A. Vienne, of IMCCE, and by E.M. Alessi, A.J. Rosengren (since April 2014), G.B. Valsecchi and A. Rossi, of IFAC/CNR; . WP-130, on "Review and upgrade of existing model", carried out by A. Rossi, E.M. Alessi and G.B. Valsecchi, of IFAC/CNR, and by H. Lewis, of the University of Southampton; . WP-140, on "MEO control with non-gravitational forces", carried out by C. Colombo, of the University of Southampton, and by F. Zuiani, M. Vasile and C. McInnes, of the University of Strathclyde.

2015, Articolo in rivista, ENG

Compliance of the Italian satellites in low Earth orbit with the end-of-life disposal guidelines for Space Debris Mitigation and ranking of their long-term criticality for the environment

Anselmo L.; Pardini C.

As of mid-2014, nearly 50 years since the launch of the first satellite, Italy had placed in low Earth orbit 29 objects: 27 payloads, 1 rocket body and 1 mission related object. 19 were yet in space: the IRIS rocket body and 18 payloads, 4 of which, belonging to the COSMO-SkyMed constellation, still operational and maneuverable. 16 objects had been deployed in space before the approval, in 2002, of the IADC Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines and 1 further payload had been launched before the ASI signature of the European Code of Conduct for Space Debris Mitigation, in 2005. While no object had been yet maneuvered to reduce its residual lifetime, due to the operational orbits chosen and area-to-mass ratios, 16 of them had decayed or were predicted to reenter in less than 25 years after mission completion, in agreement with current disposal recommendations. This corresponded to a compliance of 64% over 50 years, of 59% for the objects placed in orbit before the ASI signature of the European Code of Conduct, and of 75% for those launched afterwards, excluding the 4 maneuverable spacecraft still functional. Concerning the risk on the ground associated with uncontrolled reentries, just one satellite decayed in 2003 had a mass greater than 600 kg and a casualty expectancy in excess of 10<sup>-4</sup>. For it, timely reentry predictions and alert time windows had been provided to the countries overflown. In order to evaluate the potential long-term detrimental effects on the environment of the abandoned or unmaneuverable objects, a new ranking index, also useful for active debris removal priority listing, was developed and applied. It is worth noting that all the 14 objects residing or descending below 1000 km exhibited an overall ranking index equivalent to just 8% of an average abandoned intact object in a 800 km sun-synchronous orbit.

Acta astronautica 114, pp. 93–100

DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2015.04.024

2015, Presentazione, ENG

Italian Space Agency - Space Debris Mitigation Activities - Delegation Presentation

Anselmo L.

Space debris mitigation activities carried out in Italy between IADC-32 and IADC-33 (April 2014 - March 2015). Status of satellite launches, reentries, collision avoidance and end of life disposal.

IADC-33 - 33rd Plenary Meeting of the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee, Houston, TX, USA, 30 March - 2 April 2015

2014, Rapporto di progetto (Project report), ENG

ESA - Impact Flux Assessment and Analysis

Anselmo L.; Pardini, C.

The purpose of this work package was to perform impact flux assessments using the "fragmentation target objects" simulated in Task 2 of the present contract as either representative collision targets or missions suffering from the consequences, taking into account the natural orbit evolution (e.g. decay). The additional contributions of the fragmentations had to be compared with the background, i.e. with the environment evolved without the contribution of the "fragmentation target objects" (reference case). Due to the huge number of cases involved, the analysis was focused on a sample of 87 scenarios, applicable to more than 70% of the sizable satellites launched today in space.

2014, Rapporto di progetto (Project report), ENG

Review of medium Earth orbit GNSS constellation configuration, operation, maintenance and disposal [Version 3.0]

Anselmo L.; Pardini C.

This study note reviews the basic orbit parameters and characteristics of the four global navigation satellite constellations operational or planned in medium Earth orbit: GLONASS (Russia), GPS (USA), Beidou-M (China) and Galileo (Europe). The launch history, mission profile, spacecraft lifetime and maintenance strategy are detailed, based on the available literature and open information. The disposal rules applied so far to constellation spacecraft and upper stages are discussed, together with their long-term impact in terms of orbital evolution and possible crossing of the altitudes of the operational satellites. Finally, the average cross section (randomly tumbling) is estimated for some of the spacecraft models of the constellations and the upper stages used to place them in orbit. Spacecraft and upper stage masses, taken from the available literature, are provided as well.

2014, Rapporto di progetto (Project report), ENG

Review of medium Earth orbit GNSS constellation configuration, operation, maintenance and disposal [Version 2.0]

Anselmo L.; Pardini C.

This study note reviews the basic orbit parameters and characteristics of the four global navigation satellite constellations operational or planned in medium Earth orbit: GLONASS (Russia), GPS (USA), Beidou-M (China) and Galileo (Europe). The launch history, mission profile, spacecraft lifetime and maintenance strategy are detailed, based on the available literature and open information. The disposal rules applied so far to constellation spacecraft and upper stages are discussed, together with their long-term impact in terms of orbital evolution and possible crossing of the altitudes of the operational satellites. Moreover, the average cross section (randomly tumbling) is estimated for some of the spacecraft models of the constellations. Finally, the detailed input setup for the long-term simulations planned in the framework of the study is presented.

2014, Altro prodotto, ENG

WP 120: Simulation plan definition - WP 140: Analysis of past collision events

Anselmo L; Pardini C.

After having analysed the present distribution of intact objects in orbit around the Earth (WP 120) and carried out a review concerning the information available on the collisions involving catalogued objects (WP 140), in order to assess the need of off-centre impact simulations, analyse the energy-to-mass ratio achieved and the corresponding fragmentation outcome, and evaluate the adequacy of the NASA standard breakup model, a detailed simulation plan for LEO and GEO is proposed, aiming at a reasonable number of cases and an optimal coverage of the situation in space, present and planned in the coming decades. The NASA standard breakup model was found to be reasonably adequate and the total number of proposed simulation cases is 118: 94 in LEO and 24 in GEO. Moreover, it was found that, for the purposes of this study, the modelling of off-centre collisions can be disregarded.

2014, Altro prodotto, ENG

WP 310: Collision expectancy assessment and analysis

Anselmo L.; Pardini C.

Analysis of the collision expectancy evolution over 200 years due to additional collisions in the most crowded regions in LEO and GEO.

2014, Presentazione, ENG

Summary of ISTI-CNR activities on space debris since the 31st IADC plenary meeting

Pardini C.

A summary of ISTI-CNR activities on space debris since the 31st IADC plenary meeting is presented.

IADC-32 - 32nd Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) Plenary Meeting, Beijing, China, 12-15 May 2014
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Keyword

Space Debris

RESULTS FROM 1 TO 20 OF 59