2024, Articolo in rivista, ENG
Puzzilli LM, Ruscito V, Madonna S, Gentili F, Ruggiero L, Ciotoli G, Nisio S
The occurrence of sinkhole phenomena in Italy is a prevalent and very uncertain class of geological hazards that pose a significant threat to human infrastructure and individuals. These events are characterized by their unpredictability and the challenges associated with their accurate forecasting. Both natural and anthropic factors influence the occurrence of these events; therefore, accurate identification of the above factors is critical for effective proactive and predictive efforts. The work presented in this paper refers to a collapse that occurred in a volcanic region in northern Latium (central Italy) on 31 January 2023. The area has been monitored using drones since the early stages of the sinkhole's formation and has continued to date. Then, the collapse and the neighboring area were examined via geophysical and geochemical investigations to identify potential underlying factors. Geophysical and geochemical data were combined to provide a preliminary hypothesis on the collapse's genesis. The obtained data indicate that the structural collapse can be attributable to the fluctuation in groundwater levels as well as the development of instabilities along its banks, leading to a growth in its dimensions.
2023, Contributo in atti di convegno, ENG
Marilena Cozzolino, Vincenzo Gentile, Cecilia Giorgi, Paolo Mauriello1
The research project aims to uncover the unknown territory and trace its origins. It's conducted by the ISPC CNR to study the historical and archaeological context of Borbona (Rieti, Italy) with the collaboration of the Department of Agricultural Environmental and Food Sciences (University of Molise) for the geophysical prospections. Despite the limited historical and archaeological studies on Borbona, unexpected discoveries emerged during the research. Through various activities, including surveys and analysis of findings, the project has identified ancient habitation areas and significant Roman architectural fragments. The research seeks to transmit the history and culture of Borbona to future generations, fostering a sense of belonging. Protecting historical heritage and areas at archaeological risk, enhancing and promoting existing cultural assets, represent fundamental actions to increase the country's attractiveness in the present and preserve its identity in the future.
2023, Contributo in atti di convegno, ENG
Orazi N.; Pietroni E.; Mercuri F.; Ferdani D.; d'Annibale E.; Caruso G.; Ronchi D.; Paoloni S.; Zammit U.
In this work, the main results obtained in the framework of the "Codex 4D" project have been presented and discussed. In particular, pulsed thermography (PT) and RGB photogrammetry have been combined to obtain a 4D virtual representation of some ancient codices. The aim is to facilitate the end-user experience, giving the possibility to explore subsurface elements, detected by PT, in a 3D virtual model.
2023, Articolo in rivista, ENG
Balzani R.; Barzaghi S.; Bitelli G.; Bonifazi F.; Bordignon A.; Cipriani L.; Colitti S.; Collina F.; Daquino M.; Fabbri F.; Fanini B.; Fantini F.; Ferdani D.; Fiorini G.; Formia E.; Forte A.; Giacomini F.; Girelli V. A.; Gualandi B.; Heibi I.; Iannucci A.; Manganelli Del Fà R.; Massari A.; Moretti A.; Peroni S.; Pescarin S.; Renda G.; Ronchi D.; Sullini M.; Tini M. A.; Tomasi F.; Travaglini L.; Vittuari L.
Our goal was to obtain the digital twin of the temporary exhibition "The Other Renaissance: Ulisse Aldrovandi and the Wonders of the World", to make it accessible online to users using various devices (from smartphones to VR headsets). We started with a preliminary assessment of the exhibition, focusing on possible acquisition constraints - time, space, and materials - and related solutions. Then, we proceeded with the creation of the digital twin by acquiring, processing, modeling, optimizing, exporting, metadating, and uploading the exhibition. We adopted a hybrid use of two distinct acquisition techniques, i.e. structured light projection scanning and photogrammetry, to create new digital cultural heritage objects and environments, and we used open technologies, formats, and protocols to make available the final digital product. We described the process to collect and curate bibliographical (meta)data of the exhibition and digital twin creation process to foster its findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability.
2023, Abstract in atti di convegno, ENG
Buscemi F.; Gallo G.; Figuera M.; Atani Y.G.; Lo Duca A.
The advantages of digitalization of cultural heritage artifacts go beyond the basic documentation of the archeological findings contexts and offer a tool to gain new scientific insights. W.A.L.(L) is an on-going project whose results show that the interdisciplinary collaboration between archeologists, data and computer scientists, carried on with rigorous methods of data collection, processing, organization and analysis may offer great opportunities for archeological data sharing and understanding.
2023, Articolo in rivista, ENG
Ronchi D.; Limongiello M.; Demetrescu E.; Ferdani D.
Archeological prospection and 3D reconstruction are increasingly combined in large archeological projects that serve both site investigation and dissemination of results. This paper describes and validates a method for using multispectral imagery captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), subsurface geophysical surveys, and stratigraphic excavations to evaluate the role of 3D semantic visualizations for the collected data. The information recorded by various methods will be experimentally reconciled using the Extended Matrix and other original open-source tools, keeping both the scientific processes that generated them and the derived data separate, transparent, and reproducible. This structured information makes immediately accessible the required variety of sources useful for interpretation and reconstructive hypotheses. The application of the methodology will use the first available data from a five-year multidisciplinary investigation project at Tres Tabernae, a Roman site near Rome, where numerous non-destructive technologies, as well as excavation campaigns, will be progressively deployed to explore the site and validate the approaches.
2022, Banca dati, ITA
Demetrescu E.; Averini A.; Martuscelli M.; Valletta E.; Ferrazza G.; Palombini A.; Scopinaro E.
Rilievo dell'Acropoli della città di Segni (RM). Il dataset è stato acquisito attraverso una campagna di fotogrammetria area e terrestre. I dati sono stati rielaborati unendo tecniche di Structure from Motion per ottenere una soluzione fotogrammetrica e Computer Graphic per l'ottimizzazione di geometrie e texture. I dati sono stati elaborati prevalentemente con software open source e sono conservati in formati aperti: soluzione fotogrammmetrica in file txt utf-8, nuvole di punti in ply binario, mesh poligonali con coordinate di mappatura in formato blend, immagini in formato jpeg. Il gruppo di lavoro è composto da Emanuel Demetrescu, Adriano Averini, Marco Martuscelli, Emilia Valletta, Gabriele Ferrazza, Augusto Palombini ed Eleonora Scopinaro.
2022, Banca dati, ITA
Demetrescu E.; Averini A.; Martuscelli M.; Valletta E.; Ferrazza G.; Palombini A.; Scopinaro E.
Rilievo della Porta saracena lungo le mura poligonali della città di Segni (RM). Il dataset è stato acquisito attraverso una campagna di fotogrammetria area e terrestre. I dati sono stati rielaborati unendo tecniche di Structure from Motion per ottenere una soluzione fotogrammetrica e Computer Graphic per l'ottimizzazione di geometrie e texture. I dati sono stati elaborati prevalentemente con software open source e sono conservati in formati aperti: soluzione fotogrammmetrica in file txt utf-8, nuvole di punti in ply binario, mesh poligonali con coordinate di mappatura in formato blend, immagini in formato jpeg. Il gruppo di lavoro è composto da Emanuel Demetrescu, Adriano Averini, Marco Martuscelli, Emilia Valletta, Gabriele Ferrazza, Augusto Palombini ed Eleonora Scopinaro.
2022, Banca dati, ITA
Demetrescu E.; Averini A.; Martuscelli M.; Valletta E.; Palombini A.; Scopinaro E.
Rilievo del Museo comunale della città di Segni (RM). Il dataset è stato acquisito attraverso una campagna di fotogrammetria terrestre. I dati sono stati rielaborati unendo tecniche di Structure from Motion per ottenere una soluzione fotogrammetrica. I dati sono stati elaborati prevalentemente con software open source e sono conservati in formati aperti: immagini in formato jpeg. Il gruppo di lavoro è composto da Emanuel Demetrescu, Adriano Averini, Marco Martuscelli, Emilia Valletta, Augusto Palombini ed Eleonora Scopinaro.
2022, Banca dati, ITA
Demetrescu E.; Averini A.; Martuscelli M.; Valletta E.; Palombini A.; Scopinaro E.
Rilievo del ninfeo di Quintus Mutius (II-I sec. a.C.) presso il comune di Segni (RM). Il dataset è stato acquisito attraverso una campagna di fotogrammetria terrestre. I dati sono stati rielaborati unendo tecniche di Structure from Motion per ottenere una soluzione fotogrammetrica e Computer Graphic per l'ottimizzazione di geometrie e texture. I dati sono stati elaborati prevalentemente con software open source e sono conservati in formati aperti: soluzione fotogrammmetrica in file txt utf-8, nuvole di punti in ply binario, mesh poligonali con coordinate di mappatura in formato blend, immagini in formato jpeg. Il gruppo di lavoro è composto da Emanuel Demetrescu, Adriano Averini, Marco Martuscelli, Emilia Valletta, Augusto Palombini ed Eleonora Scopinaro.
2022, Contributo in atti di convegno, ENG
De Neef W.; Ullrich U.; Demetrescu E.; Ferdani D.; Hayward S.; Maass R.; Noorda N.; Zollner H.
This paper presents new research of the monumental mountaintop site Monte Primo near Pioraco (Marche, Italy) and the changing landscape in which it is situated. Monte Primo was in use between the Late Bronze Age and the Roman Republic period and is characterized by a series of large enclosures of uncertain date which cover an area of ca. 2 hectares. The earliest occupation of this 1300 m high summit is often interpreted as a fire offering place (Brandopferplatz) related to pastoral land use. Iron Age and Roman activity is attested by various bronze figurines found by metal detectorists and/or looting. Geophysical prospection, aerial photography, and surface modelling allowed to analyze the spatial organization of the large enclosures and natural features on the mountain, and to model the ritualized access to the summit. By placing Monte Primo in a longue dur?e context of increasing social complexity and landscape formation processes, this article proposes how this site was embedded in its cultural and natural surroundings, and how its role changed during its 1000-year occupation history.
2022, Articolo in rivista, ENG
Karaki, Ali Alakbar; Bibuli, Marco; Caccia, Massimo; Ferrando, Ilaria; Gagliolo, Sara; Odetti, Angelo; Sguerso, Domenico
In this paper, the state-of-the-art concerning new methodologies for surveying in coastal areas in order to obtain an efficient quantification of submerged and emerged environments is described and evaluated. This work integrates an interdisciplinary approach involving both geomatics and robotics and focuses on definition, implementation, and development of a methodology to execute integrated aerial and underwater survey campaigns in shallow water areas. A preliminary test was performed at Gorzente Lakes near Genoa (Italy), to develop and integrate different survey techniques, enabling working in a smarter way, reducing costs and increasing safety for the operators. In this context, Remote Sensing techniques were integrated with a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) carrying an aerial optical sensor for photogrammetry and with an ASV (Autonomous Surface Vehicle) expressly addressed to work in extremely shallow water with underwater acoustic sensors (single echo sounder). The obtained continuous seamless DSM (Digital Surface Model) for the entire environment was reconstructed by the combination of different sensing systems by limiting reliance on the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) support. The obtained DSM was displayed in a 3D model leading to the evaluation of the water flow volume and rendering of 3D visualization.
2022, Articolo in rivista, ENG
Colosi F.; Malinverni E.S.; Leon Trujillo F.J.; Pierdicca R.; Orazi R.; Di Stefano F.
The construction technique of raw earth, which has always been in use in most of the world, has left large monuments or architectural complexes to cultural heritage that need special attention due to the notable vulnerability of the material. A convenient way to deal this threat, besides physical intervention, is by using an information system, such as HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling), as a tool for damage assessment and conservation planning. This paper reports on its application in an archaeological setting, in particular, on the Huaca Arco Iris, a religious building of the old city of Chan Chan (Peru), the largest monumental complex in mud on the American continent. The study is part of the bilateral international project between the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica (CONCYTEC) in the use of HBIM for the prediction of possible natural or anthropogenic damages to buildings in raw mud. Exploiting the data coming from the direct and indirect analyses, a dedicated ontology is built to guide the management of these data within the information system. The creation of an HBIM system for the archaeological domain, based on the trinomial data-information-knowledge, is presented and validated. Following this approach, a customizable HBIM has been created with the 3D model of the spatial entities of the Huaca. As a result, the semantic relationship of an external wall, taken as the benchmark test of our experiment, with the contained bas-relief and the conservation cover is tested.
2022, Abstract in atti di convegno, ENG
Orazi N.; Mercuri F.; Paoloni S.; Zammit U.; Caruso G.; D'Annibale E.; Ronchi D.; Ferdani D.; Florise Amadei C.; Pietroni E.
Digitization activity in in the field of archives and library materials is usually focused on their content and, to this aim, standard 2D scanning and photography techniques are employed. However, not only the content but also the structural features of an ancient book like the bookbinding, the book block and the decorative elements are important from both a historical and a codicological point of view. In addition, some of the most valuable information often lie below the binding of a book. Sub-surface elements can reveal for instance hidden texts on waste material used in the binding manufacturing process, binding components and damage, often, not accessible through the simple visual inspection. These elements are of the highest importance for scholars and conservators and highly fascinating to the general public. Nevertheless, many of such elements are not visible because faded or buried inside the book structure and it would be important to display their position in a 3D digital representation of the book. This can be obtained by integrating the 3D image-based techniques with other imaging diagnostics able to reveal and also characterize sub-surface features. In this study the depth-resolved analysis capability provided by active infrared thermography (IRT) is applied in combination with 3D image-based techniques in order to obtain a representation of the subsurface features buried into historical books. The procedure utilized for the generation of thermal texturing makes use of a texture mapping algorithm. Active thermography has been employed to record thermograms of the investigated manuscripts from different viewpoints and beside the manuscript. Moreover, in order to perform a robust orientation among thermal and RGB images, homologous image, obtained by shooting the same checkboard, coordinates were used. As it will be shown, the image coordinates of such markers play a crucial role in the model thermal texturing. The final result consists of a 3D thermographic texturing showing features lying at different depths allowing to display the book from different angles. Finally, the 3D representations should go beyond current levels of visual depictions, support information integration, shape-related analysis and provide the necessary semantic information for in-depth studies.
2022, Contributo in volume, ENG
Grassi C.; Ronchi D.; Ferdani D.; Pocobelli G. F.; Manganelli del Fa' R.
This paper aims to evaluate the performance, in terms of accuracy and speed, of various commercial software (Reality Capture®, Agisoft Metashape®, and 3DF Zephyr®) for the integration among image and range-based survey data. Datasets were collected in the Nuragic complex called "la Prisgiona" (Arzachena, SS, Italy), during a collaborative research project between CNR - ISPC and the Municipality of Arzachena, using aerial photogrammetry, topographic, and TLS survey. Results of comparative tests demonstrate that, when working on architectural scale survey, passive and active techniques, are to be considered homologous in terms of accuracy and precision.
2021, Contributo in atti di convegno, ENG
Andrea SCIANNA, Giuseppe Fulvio Gaglio, Marcello La Guardia
The possibilities offered by photogrammetric reconstruction based on computer vision algorithms allowed in recent years to develop new interesting solutions for the spread and dissemination of knowledge on Cultural Heritage (CH). In the same way, the recent technological development in the field of Virtual Reality (VR) has offered new possibilities for the creation of interactive virtual environments, which can be freely accessed via the browser using any type of device. These technologies acquire an additional relevance if applied to archaeological sites or monuments that are difficult to access, or even totally inaccessible, except by specialized personnel. In this case, the virtual fruition on the web becomes strategic for the valorization of CH, as in the case of submerged archaeological sites, where the virtual tour represents in fact the only opportunity of diffuse accessibility. The present case shows the virtual reconstruction of the wreck area of the Roman ship found on the seabed of Cala Minnola on the island of Levanzo (TP, Italy). The model, obtained from a Structure from Motion (SfM) processing of a chunk of photos originally intended for a traditional photogrammetric survey, was edited and inserted into a specific template based on HTML5 and linked to Javascript libraries (Three.js) which allowed browsing on the web. Subsequently, the navigation model was suitability adapted to the purpose, in order to make the online virtualnavigation as intuitive as possible, considering the navigation with any type of device and using the most common browsers (Chrome, Safari, Firefox). This experimentation is a viable procedure for spreading the knowledge of a submerged archaeological site in a simple way, by web-browsing. This type of navigation models with the future development of 5G networks will find greater diffusion and application, with the possibility of including increasingly complex environments in the navigation.
2021, Articolo in rivista, ENG
Stefano Cara, Paolo Valera, Carlo Matzuzzi
Stone moulds were basic elements of metallurgy during the Bronze Age, and their analysis and characterization are very important to improve the knowledge on these artefacts useful for typological characterization. The stone moulds investigated in this study were found during an archaeological field survey in several Nuragic (Bronze Age) settlements in Central Sardinia. Recent studies have shown that photogrammetry can be effectively used for the 3D reconstruction of small and medium-sized archaeological finds, although there are still many challenges in producing high-quality digital replicas of ancient artefacts due to their surface complexity and consistency. In this paper, we propose a multidisciplinary approach using mineralogical (X-ray powder diffraction) and petrographic (thin section) analysis of stone materials, as well as an experimental photogrammetric method for 3D reconstruction from multi-view images performed with recent software based on the CMPMVS algorithm. The photogrammetric image dataset was carried out using an experimental rig equipped with a 26.2 Mpix full frame digital camera. We also assessed the accuracy of the reconstruction models in order to verify their precision and readability according to archaeological goals. This allowed us to provide an effective tool for more detailed study of the geometric-dimensional aspects of the moulds. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates the potentialities of an integrated minero-petrographic and photogrammetric approach for the characterization of small artefacts, providing an effective tool for more in-depth investigation of future typological comparisons and provenance studies.
2021, Contributo in volume, ENG
Sylviane DÉDERIX, Nikolas PAPADIMITRIOU, Anthi BALITSARI, Gianluca CANTORO, Aspasia EFSTATHIOU, Meropi MANATAKI, Margarita NAZOU, Apostolos SARRIS, Robert LAFFINEUR
Report on 2018 and 2019 fieldwork campaigns at the prehistoric site of Throikos, Lavrio (Greece)
2021, Articolo in rivista, ENG
Silva, D.Q., Aguiar, A.S., dos Santos F.N., Sousa, A., Rabino, D., Biddoccu, M., Bagagiolo G., Delmastro, M.
Smart and precision agriculture concepts require that the farmer measures all relevant variables in a continuous way and processes this information in order to build better prescription maps and to predict crop yield. These maps feed machinery with variable rate technology to apply the correct amount of products in the right time and place, to improve farm profitability. One of the most relevant information to estimate the farm yield is the Leaf Area Index. Traditionally, this index can be obtained from manual measurements or from aerial imagery: the former is time consuming and the latter requires the use of drones or aerial services. This work presents an optical sensing-based hardware module that can be attached to existing autonomous or guided terrestrial vehicles. During the normal operation, the module collects periodic geo-referenced monocular images and laser data. With that data a suggested processing pipeline, based on open-source software and composed by Structure fromMotion,Multi-View Stereo and point cloud registration stages, can extract Leaf Area Index and other crop-related features. Additionally, in this work, a benchmark of software tools is made. The hardware module and pipeline were validated considering real data acquired in two vineyards - Portugal and Italy. A dataset with sensory data collected by the module was made publicly available. Results demonstrated that: the system provides reliable and precise data on the surrounding environment and the pipeline is capable of computing volume and occupancy area from the acquired data.
2020, Contributo in atti di convegno, ENG
Kalliopi Baika, Apostolos Sarris, Anastasia Tzigounaki, ?ikos G. Papadopoulos, Gianluca Cantoro, Meropi Manataki, Athanasi?s Psarogiannis, Vincent Dumas, Kleomenis Kalogeropoulos, Eirini Chrysocheri, Nota Karamaliki, Kostas Giapitsoglou & Jafar Anbar
Geoarchaeological investigations conducted on the site of the ancient slipway area on the western part of Fortezza in Rethymnon (probably ancient Rithymna) in 2015 revealed new evidence concerning its layout and the inclination of the slipways, as well as the overall extension of the maritime infrastructure. The maritime installation consists of two complexes of slipways located on the rocky west coastline of the peninsula of Fortezza (fig. 1a). Rithymna 1 complex is located at the north and consists of an open slipway (R1) oriented north-south and continuing in the water. The Rithymna 2 complex nearby consists of two rock-cut ramps (R2 and R3) disposed on a different orientation, roughly east-west. They are parallel to each other and present a clear width of 5.40-5.60 m at their seaward end. The R3 slipway has been traced for ca. 40 m in length. Both are today partly covered by a modern parking lot at the foot of Fortezza, as well as the modern coastal asphalt road (fig. 1b). The continuation of both slipways is visible today on the rocky coastline, outside the modern retaining cement wall of the road: a low rock-cut wall dividing the slipways is still preserved and visible (Baika 2013b).