2023, Articolo in rivista, CPE
Giovanni Diraco, Gabriele Rescio, Andrea Caroppo, Andrea Manni, Alessandro Leone
Smart living, an increasingly prominent concept, entails incorporating sophisticated technologies in homes and urban environments to elevate the quality of life for citizens. A critical success factor for smart living services and applications, from energy management to healthcare and transportation, is the efficacy of human action recognition (HAR). HAR, rooted in computer vision, seeks to identify human actions and activities using visual data and various sensor modalities. This paper extensively reviews the literature on HAR in smart living services and applications, amalgamating key contributions and challenges while providing insights into future research directions. The review delves into the essential aspects of smart living, the state of the art in HAR, and the potential societal implications of this technology. Moreover, the paper meticulously examines the primary application sectors in smart living that stand to gain from HAR, such as smart homes, smart healthcare, and smart cities. By underscoring the significance of the four dimensions of context awareness, data availability, personalization, and privacy in HAR, this paper offers a comprehensive resource for researchers and practitioners striving to advance smart living services and applications. The methodology for this literature review involved conducting targeted Scopus queries to ensure a comprehensive coverage of relevant publications in the field. Efforts have been made to thoroughly evaluate the existing literature, identify research gaps, and propose future research directions. The comparative advantages of this review lie in its comprehensive coverage of the dimensions essential for smart living services and applications, addressing the limitations of previous reviews and offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the field.
2023, Articolo in rivista, ENG
Giovanni Diraco; Gabriele Rescio; Pietro Siciliano; Alessandro Leone
Smart living, a concept that has gained increasing attention in recent years, revolves around integrating advanced technologies in homes and cities to enhance the quality of life for citizens. Sensing and human action recognition are crucial aspects of this concept. Smart living applications span various domains, such as energy consumption, healthcare, transportation, and education, which greatly benefit from effective human action recognition. This field, originating from computer vision, seeks to recognize human actions and activities using not only visual data but also many other sensor modalities. This paper comprehensively reviews the literature on human action recognition in smart living environments, synthesizing the main contributions, challenges, and future research directions. This review selects five key domains, i.e., Sensing Technology, Multimodality, Real-time Processing, Interoperability, and Resource-Constrained Processing, as they encompass the critical aspects required for successfully deploying human action recognition in smart living. These domains highlight the essential role that sensing and human action recognition play in successfully developing and implementing smart living solutions. This paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to further explore and advance the field of human action recognition in smart living.
2022, Articolo in rivista, ENG
Momin, Md Sarfaraz; Sufian, Abu; Barman, Debaditya; Dutta, Paramartha; Dong, Mianxiong; Leo, Marco
The global population is aging due to many factors, including longer life expectancy through better healthcare, changing diet, physical activity, etc. We are also witnessing various frequent epidemics as well as pandemics. The existing healthcare system has failed to deliver the care and support needed to our older adults (seniors) during these frequent outbreaks. Sophisticated sensor-based in-home care systems may offer an effective solution to this global crisis. The monitoring system is the key component of any in-home care system. The evidence indicates that they are more useful when implemented in a non-intrusive manner through different visual and audio sensors. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Computer Vision (CV) techniques may be ideal for this purpose. Since the RGB imagery-based CV technique may compromise privacy, people often hesitate to utilize in-home care systems which use this technology. Depth, thermal, and audio-based CV techniques could be meaningful substitutes here. Due to the need to monitor larger areas, this review article presents a systematic discussion on the state-of-the-art using depth sensors as primary data-capturing techniques. We mainly focused on fall detection and other health-related physical patterns. As gait parameters may help to detect these activities, we also considered depth sensor-based gait parameters separately. The article provides discussions on the topic in relation to the terminology, reviews, a survey of popular datasets, and future scopes.
2021, Contributo in pubblicazione non scientifica, ITA
Daniele Spoladore
L'esigenza di fornire abitazioni capaci di rispondere alle necessità degli utenti più fragili è oggi a portata di mano grazie alle tecnologie dell'Internet of Things, che rendono possibili i paradigmi di Ambient Intelligence e personalizzazione dei servizi.
2021, Articolo in rivista, ENG
Syed Ghazanfar Abbas, Ivan Vaccari, Faisal Hussain, Shahzaib Zahid, Ubaid Ullah Fayyaz, Ghalib A. Shah, Taimur Bakhshi, Enrico Cambiaso
Internet of things (IoT) is a technology that enables our daily life objects to connect on the Internet and to send and receive data for a meaningful purpose. In recent years, IoT has led to many revolutions in almost every sector of our society. Nevertheless, security threats to IoT devices and networks are relentlessly disruptive, because of the proliferation of Internet technologies. Phishing is one of the most prevalent threats to all Internet users, in which attackers aim to fraudulently extract sensitive information of a user or system, using fictitious emails, websites, etc. With the rapid increase in IoT devices, attackers are targeting IoT devices such as security cameras, smart cars, etc., and perpetrating phishing attacks to gain control over such vulnerable devices for malicious purposes. In recent decades, such scams have been spreading, and they have become increasingly advanced over time. By following this trend, in this paper, we propose a threat modelling approach to identify and mitigate the cyber-threats that can cause phishing attacks. We considered two significant IoT use cases, i.e., smart autonomous vehicular system and smart home. The proposed work is carried out by applying the STRIDE threat modelling approach to both use cases, to disclose all the potential threats that may cause a phishing attack. The proposed threat modelling approach can support the IoT researchers, engineers, and IoT cyber-security policymakers in securing and protecting the potential threats in IoT devices and systems in the early design stages, to ensure the secure deployment of IoT devices in critical infrastructures.
2020, Articolo in rivista, ENG
Modoni, Gianfranco E.; Caldarola, Enrico G.; Mincuzzi, Nicola; Sacco, Marco; Wasielewska, Katarzyna; Szmeja, Pawel; Ganzha, Maria; Paprzycki, Marcin; Pawlowski, Wieslaw
CasAware is an Ambient Assisted Living platform, developed within an Italian research project, with the aim to improve the level of comfort and well-being of inhabitants of a house, while optimizing the energy consumption. A key feature, for successful realization of such a platform, is its capability to interoperate with other IoT platforms, which can augment CasAware with additional services. Indeed, this capability facilitates smooth communication between CasAware devices and external devices connected to other IoT platforms, thus allowing efficient exchange of messages among them. However, such integration is hindered by the heterogeneity of data models used in different platforms, which is also related to lack of common standards. In order to realize integration needed for CasAware, this paper presents an approach which exploits results of the INTER-IoT project. Specifically, the INTER-IoT methodology and a set of software tools for achieving IoT interoperability are applied. In the presented study, it is shown how the INTER-IoT based approach can facilitate interoperability between CasAware and two other platforms, which use completely different data models.
2019, Articolo in rivista, ENG
Spoladore D.; Mahroo A.; Trombetta A.; Sacco M.
This work introduces ComfOnt, a semantic framework developed within the context of ambient assisted living, context awareness, and ambient intelligence Italian research projects. ComfOnt leverages knowledge regarding Smart Home inhabitants and their particular needs, the devices deployed inside the domestic environment (appliances, sensors, and actuators), the amount of their energy consumption, and indoor comfort metrics to provide dwellers with customized services. Developed reusing widely adopted ontologies, ComfOnt aims at providing inhabitants with the possibility of having personalized indoor comfort in their living environments and at helping them in scheduling their daily activities requiring appliances; in fact, the proposed semantic framework enables the representation of appliances' energy consumption and the energy profile of the Smart Home, thus assisting the dwellers in avoiding power cuts and fostering energy savings. ComfOnt serves as a knowledge base for a prototypical application (DECAM) dedicated to Smart Home inhabitants; the architecture and the functionalities of DECAM are here presented.
2019, Contributo in atti di convegno, ENG
Daniele Spoladore, Atieh Mahroo, Marco Sacco
This paper introduces the Future Home for Future Communities' Smart Home, a semantic-based framework for indoor comfort metrics customization inside a living environment. The Smart Home merges Ambient Intelligence, Ambient Assisted Living and Context Awareness perspectives to provide customized comfort experience to the dwellers, also leveraging on a ubiquitous interface. The smart home leverages ontological representations of inhabitants' health conditions, comfort metrics and available devices to provide dwellers with indoor temperature, humidity rate, CO2 concentration and illuminance suitable for their health conditions and to the activities they want to perform inside the house. Dwellers interactions within the Smart Home are performed via the interface, while the ontologies composing the knowledge base are reasoned and hosted on a semantic repository. Two use cases depict the framework's functioning in two typical scenarios: adjusting indoor temperature and providing illuminance comfort while preparing a meal.
2019, Articolo in rivista, ENG
Mora N.; Grossi F.; Russo D.; Barsocchi P.; Hu R.; Brunschwiler T.; Michel B.; Cocchi F.; Montanari E.; Nunziata S.; Matrella G.; Ciampolini P.
This paper introduces technical solutions devised to support the Deployment Site - Regione Emilia Romagna (DS-RER) of the ACTIVAGE project. The ACTIVAGE project aims at promoting IoT (Internet of Things)-based solutions for Active and Healthy ageing. DS-RER focuses on improving continuity of care for older adults (65+) suffering from aftereffects of a stroke event. A Wireless Sensor Kit based on Wi-Fi connectivity was suitably engineered and realized to monitor behavioral aspects, possibly relevant to health and wellbeing assessment. This includes bed/rests patterns, toilet usage, room presence and many others. Besides hardware design and validation, cloud-based analytics services are introduced, suitable for automatic extraction of relevant information (trends and anomalies) from raw sensor data streams. The approach is general and applicable to a wider range of use cases; however, for readability's sake, two simple cases are analyzed, related to bed and toilet usage patterns. In particular, a regression framework is introduced, suitable for detecting trends (long and short-term) and labeling anomalies. A methodology for assessing multi-modal daily behavioral profiles is introduced, based on unsupervised clustering techniques. The proposed framework has been successfully deployed at several real-users' homes, allowing for its functional validation. Clinical effectiveness will be assessed instead through a Randomized Control Trial study, currently being carried out.
2018, Software, ENG
Daniele Spoladore
Sviluppo dell'ontologia di dominio per il progetto Future Home for Future Communities. Il modello, organizzato in diversi moduli, rappresenta la conoscenza relativa ai domini: condizione di salute degli abitanti della casa smart, abitudini degli abitanti, metriche di comfort indoor e outdoor, standard UNI per il controllo dei livelli accettabili minimi e massimi di comfort, comportamento dei dispositivi domestici nella casa. L'ontologia consente anche l'adattamento degli aspetti grafici e delle funzionalità dell'interfaccia "Home Interactive Controller". Sviluppata con linguaggi W3C-endorsed Resource Description Framework e Ontology Web Language (con Semantic Web Rule Language) in sintassi RDF/XML. Definizione delle regole di interrogazione (con linguaggio SPARQL).
2018, Contributo in atti di convegno, ENG
Di Piazza, Maria Carmela; Luna, Massimiliano; Pucci, Marcello; La Tona, Giuseppe; Accetta, Angelo
In this paper technical issues concerning the integration of a battery energy storage system (BESS) into a DC nanogrid laboratory testbed are discussed, including battery chemistry selection, sizing, and power electronic interface. The BESS-equipped nanogrid has been tested using a droop control scheme. Voltage regulation and power sharing among the sources have been properly achieved by experimental tests. Furthermore, the possibility of dynamically changing the parameters of the droop characteristic has been shown. This result is a first step toward the optimal control of the power flows within the DC nanogrid by using an Energy Management System.
2017, Rapporto tecnico, ITA
Gianfranco E. Modoni, Daniele Spoladore, Marco Sacco
Rapporto sullo stato tecnico del progetto CasAware ad un anno dall'inizio (il rapporto è datato Dicembre 2017) da inviare a Regione Lombardia. Il rapporto identifica i casi d'uso, il ruolo svolto dal framework semantico, l'elenco dei sensori coinvolti nel laboratorio di Lecco, i risultati intermedi ottenuti.
2016, Articolo in rivista, ENG
Spoladore, Daniele; Modoni, Gianfranco; Sacco, Marco
An ontology based approach that aims at enhancing interoperability between home devices and services is being developed by the Italian "Design For All" research project.
2016, Contributo in atti di convegno, ENG
Dellacorte, Francesco; Mastroianni, Carlo; Arcuri, Natale; Marano, Salvatore; Menniti, Daniele; Pinnarelli, Anna; Sorrentino, Nicola; Cavallaro, Francesco
In recent years there was a lot of interest in IoT application in Energy sector in order to obtain interoperability and integration of different vendor multiprotocol devices and in using cloud to share data and applications. The research project "Home automation system to realize cooperative energy brokerage", promoted by the consortium DOMUS (TIM, University Mediterranea, SI-IES and University of Calabria) and financed by MIUR has the ambition to build a platform, using IoT and cloud resources, able to create an environment where producers and consumers of energy may exchange energy maximizing their benefits simply using their home automation system. In the presentation the architecture of the platform will be discussed and its application to the University of Calabria, as test case, will be illustrated.
2007, Articolo in rivista, ENG
Morgavi Giovanna; Costanzi Carla; Florini Valentina; Morando Mauro; Aiello Maurizio
With the aging of the population and the increase of the health risks, the percentage of old singles grows tremendously. Loneliness and fear are common among elderly people seem to be related to each other and were both found to be "threats" to a good life in old age. ICT and technological innovations in other fields offer opportunities to bring independent living in old age. Smart home and consumer electronic developments can make management of the home and everyday living a lot easier for older people. But the automation of a domotic house shouldn't risk to take away the few social contacts an old user still has with human beings. The automation of a domotic house shouldn't risk to take away the few social contacts an old user still has with human beings. The intelligent houses for the old people should consider three class of functions: safety and security, environment comfort and sanitary surveillance. These activities are carried out with respect to the security, the safety and the privacy of the user. In this paper we propose an architecture that allows the maximum help to old people, but that respect their needs. It is organized in two logical networks: a Daily Support Network (DSN) and a Village Network (VN). The focus of this architecture is based on human aspects of the elderly people needs, to improve the quality of life of elderly people and their caregivers. The final goal is facilitating an independent and not isolated, good social life, inside one's home as long as possible.